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PEDIGREE (XO 



jatu bjetd p u e P d r d e d f evX n it n ;;:;; ] ;::r:r ? scie r c pr<wation ' because jt re « ui - — *- 

"^y plant P '"" '" anC6Stry muit uut be broken h y Propagating from any 

A THOROUGHBRED PLANT 

annu allvS e.eXtrdL*a b r.Jra t Z^ ™" r0nm ™ U ' """ M '™' ,i " i '« ">°« '.ualhles through 

s±- -'"-<--»;^ 

THE PEDIGREE OF THESE PLANTS 

perfect ,„ , ,,„„. phy Ll and f^g oSaa^rS^ "^ ^ "'"' ** " ""^ » * 

COMMON PLANTS 

varin^^ 

a strong tendency I,, ma 'e m , r V more or 1,,. pollen exhausted and therefore have 

...tan,, ,o tait „;,dir z:y™:z^:zi:r buds - Th,,y ii ° n ° i * ive "•■"* ° f 

THE CAUSE AND EFFECT 

mahfn^h^re^rpZ'Zrrnd \lT m ,- '"""" r rla " 0,,S ' """ <»«'-T denting tho S e 

producing organism Se me" tod" haTmet tie T" ' 6 " fm " aSe '° " eVeloI> their '»"' 

experts in the country „„ " „ ' ™, " • "'"'",, ''""" '"" "'" l "- hcst horticultural 

' > .he pioneers in [his to I and' have the ^ n ,y eTabTj 7'"T "' "'^ '""^ We h ™ 

i ions for plant breeding. ' establishment in the country having perfect condi- 

STOCK FOR PROPAGATION 

berries and pienty of ih™, aT^fE getTa, "planting* ' ' '" '^ " "* ■""'""• "'* "™ 

THE DEMAND 
Up to this time the demand has been bevond our abiiitv to sunnlv Wh a <u , 

in fruit under jyood cultivation thPv hnv* .. .1 supph . ^ herever they have .een seen 

have discontinued prop Z ,• \, "ft a / e " Satl ° n ' and in order to meet this demand, we 

much finer than e^ZZTLtlTcZTln That ^ ^ f* ! ^ ^ Hm " greater and 
orders must be filled in the rotating ™£T A . 1 '' them ^ bH equal, - V ^ reat ' and so 

<>ur customers are ^l^^r^^"" ^ """^ * b °° tod ^ «* ™ **«**• 

THE PHOTOGRAPHS 

the ss r^rLrs :rdXinr v sn h : d h n fche spason of i9 ° 4 and «*— - *~ 

beautifui color, delicious flavor and ^IZtZTll £ S^ST * ^ ^ " ^ 
approa^T/m^^^ ;f-^s arises out of continued selection of those 

of years. * ' PC If ls ,he resul< ol skm ™ propagation through a series 

Copies of this book will be sent free to anv tv,,,,. *f ,- 
written on each book, so they wil know h!t - J C '" IRlS ' " ' ,th 5 ° Ur name and compliments 

interested in berry growing Ild * the '" r nameS " The - V must be P««« 

VISITORS 

Visitors are most cordially welcomed at our -rounds at anv rim* V„ 1, k 
conducted through the grounds by ourselves. 6 entertauied fr ee and 

COPYRIGHTS 

The various editions of this work have Iv.pn , i,,],- ■ u , 

matter. All rights are reserved ,, !, , ^ n ^ hted - co ^"g engravings and all subject 

up their catalog uurserjmen will be held responsible for infringements in making 

. lhling Bros. «c Kvecru, Kalau, .,.,.. Mich Pri n> .,. « T7~ 

. . ' ■"««•, mien., fnnters of catalogs and other things. 




THE TWENTIETH CENTURY LIMITED ON THE LAKE SHORE AND MICHIGAN SOUTHERN R. R. 

Mr. C. M. Hovey, a pioneer horticulturist, with a shrewdness that was most remarkable in the 
breeding of plants as early as 1834 selected parent plants representing distinct ideals adapted to Ameri- 
can conditions; at that time a journey across the continent required more than a half year, with its attend- 
ant privations and hardships. 

In this year of 1905 one can step aboard a palatial train in Boston, New York, or Philadelhia, and 
in a little more than four days stand on the shores of the Pacific, having enjoyed during the trip all tke 
luxuries and conveniences of home. The active horticulturist has likewise kept fully abreast with the 
civil and mechanical engineer in the onward progress of the world. 



Until the middle of the sixteenth century 
the masses believed the earth to be the center 
of the planetary system and around it revolved 
the sun and other planets. A century later, the 
astronomer, Galileo, with the aid of the tele- 
scope, demonstrated beyond a doubt the truth 
concerning the solar system; that is, that the 
earth and other planets move with precision 
around the sun. 

But the facts of astronomical science as set 
forth by Galileo were contrary to the beliefs 
and traditions of the wise men of the time, 
and through the intrigues of the latter, the 
truth seeking astronomer was summoned be- 
fore the Inquisition at Rome to answer to 
charges made against him, namely, that of 
setting aside these beliefs and traditions and 
replacing them with facts experimentally 
demonstrated. 

The scientist was tried and condemned; but 
it was as true then as now that "Truth crushed 
to earth shall rise again," for observing men 
took up the work which Galileo had begun and 
today the fact that the world moves is un- 
questioned. 

Within the last decade in the states of Min- 
nesota and the Dakotas the yield of wheat has 



been increased over twelve per cent, per acre 
by scientifically selecting and breeding seed 
wheat, thus adding millions of bushels to the 
annual crop; and even more has been accom- 
plished by the same means in the past few 
years in the increased yield of corn in Illinois, 
Iowa, Kansas and adjoining states. 

The American Beauty Rose is a creation of 
the plant breeder, for nature gave to him only 
the wild rose of the wayside, and the magnifi- 
cent Beauty of garden and conservatory is the 
result of his art. 

Within the recollection of the pioneer gar- 
dener of today there was cultivated the "lovt 
apple" which was small and seedy and not con- 
sidered edible; from this vegetable which was 
grown merely as a curiosity, has been de- 
veloped the fleshy, palatable tomato, the use 
of which on the table is nearly universal. 

The Chilian wild strawberry, the ancestor 
of the large, luscious garden and field berry 
now grown, was an inferior fruit, but in the 
hands of the plant breeder has been brought 
to its present almost perfect condition. 

Since the improvement and development 
both in quality and quantity of grains, flowers, 
vegetables, and fruits are everywhere so mark- 



1 




R. I. Kellogg's Great Crops of 





^H 




/ 



.%&. 




PISTILLATE FLOWER P 

The pistillate flower, P, has few or no stamens 
or male organs and produces no polen, therefore must 
have a bi-sexual or male flower set every third row 
so that wind or insects will carry pollen to It. 



BI-SEXUAL B 

Bi-sexual, B Perfect flower. The stamens or 
male organs surround the central cone of pistils, each 
one having an anther which furnishes the pollen. This 
is carried by insects or the wind to the pistillates. 
The bi-sexual varieties will fruit without the presence 
of other varieties. 



ed, it seems passing strange that the science 
of plant breeding should be questioned by a 
doubt; but the Horticultural World, as well 
as the terrestrial, moves, and every enthusi- 
astic, enterprising fruit grower recognizes the 
fact and profits by it and so leads the multi- 
tude of doubting followers who wonder at his 
work and success. 

Tillage and nurture have been practiced for 
centuries and have greatly improved the con- 
ditions of primal nature, but the science of 
plant breeding which has been practiced 
scarcely the brief space of a man's lifetime has 
worked a revolution in horticultural art. It 
has not only increased the amount and im- 
proved the quality of field and garden products 
but it is constantly adding new and improved 
varieties and even new kinds altogether. 

"The Webber, the new citrus fruit which will 
grow many degrees north of either the orange 
or lemon, is the product of a plant marriage 
between the hedge orange of Japan and the 
sweet orange of Florida, and is also a creation 
of the plant breeder's art; likewise in the "tan- 
gelo," the result of a union of tangerine orange 
and the grape fruit, we find the desirable 
characteristics of both parents. 

One cannot learn of the work of Mr. Luther 
Burbank, the justly called Horticultural Wiz- 
ard, without being amazed as well as inter- 
ested. Into a large showy flower having an 
unpleasant odor he puts a delicate, fragrant 
scent; he expels the pit from a plum, causing 
its place to be taken by a "substance, rich, 
juicy and sweet;" he unites in a new fruit the 
California dewberry and the Siberian rasp- 
berry and gives the world the primus berry,' 




The sexual organs of the strawberry enlarged to 
show the process of fertilization. The anther of the 
stamen bursting, letting the pollen containing the 
male life germ "a." fall out, lodging on the stigma of 
the pistil "a," where the life germ of male is carried 
by a tube through the style "b" to seed pod or ovaries 
"c," where the female germ is located, and here the 
two life germs are merged into one in the seed (egg). 
It Is substantially the same process in all animal life. 

which is nothing less than a marvel of crea- 
tion. The fundamental principal in Mr. Bur- 




Strawberries, and How Be Grows Them 




PLANT SELECTION. HORTICULTURAL STUDENTS TAKING A LESSON IN PLANT BREEDING ON 

OUR GROUNDS. 

The starting point in plant breeding is to have a vivid mental picture of the plant type desired. 
Then select the plant which is nearest the ideal, and set the offsprings from it; from these, again select the 
individual which nearest approaches the type in mind, and so on generation after generation until the de- 
sired object is attained. In order to make rapid progress the same ideal must be kept in mind year by year 
lest there be vacillation, and the progress of one year would be undone by a counter movement the follow- 
ing year. In working along these lines, we find that almost any character of a plant may be intensified. 
This is the true way to dominate over the physical forms of life. Every group of plants is endowed with 
certain characteristics and surer results are obtained if we work along the same lines and do not attempt 
to change them. The more variable any species of plants are the more variation or starting points we 
have in such species; they are very plastic and yield readily to our wishes. By carefully watching and 
closely studying the habits of each particular variety of strawberry plant, it is possible to break the type 
and it will depart from its normal behavior; then it soon becomes plastic enough to allow of modification in 
the manner desired. We now have it practically under our control and it will yield readily to the ideal 
type we are working for; it is a wrong idea to have in mind at one time several objects. "We breed for 
one thing at a time. If the particular variety is deficient in productiveness, but possessing other points 
showing superiority, then the prolificacy is the principal object worked for, giving sufficient attention to 
other features discovered and taken up with a view to the improvement of the plant to keep them up to 
the normal standard; when the one point we are working for attains our ideal, the next deficient point is 
taken up for improvement, breeding along these lines until all organisms of the plant are brought to our 
ideal. The above photo engraving shows sixty-five different varieties under restrictions at the starting 
point of plant breeding, having a certain object in mind, of an ideal type for each individual variety. 



bank's work, which seems only to have been 
fairly begun, is selection combined with breed- 
ing, selection coming first. 

Close, observing horticulturists have learned 
many facts as well as many laws of plant and 
animal life, but they have not yet learned what 
life itself is. They have found that physical 
life dwells in protoplasm and in nothing else, 
and that this life containing substance is the 
same in plant and animal organism; and fur- 
ther, the laws governing the growth and de- 
velopment of the two are largely identical. 
The progressive fruit grower makes use of all 



known facts and laws of life in order to im- 
prove the quality and quantity of the products 
of his fruiting fields. 

In our book for 1904 we made a quotation 
which we repeat this year because it is a funda- 
mental law of life: "The constant execution 
of a definite function gradually effects a struc- 
tural modification." 

The explanation of this terse statement is, 
that properly directed energy in a definite di- 
rection will develop any part of the organism 
of plant or animal and this development will 
become so marked and fixed that it will be 





R. M. Rellofcg's Great Crops of 




DAN PATCH 1:56'4 



This is Dan Patch. He holds the fastest record of any harness horse in the world. He is bred up 
from a long line of ideal ancestors that also hold fast records. With such skilful breeding by selection 
and with the assistance of a careful driver it has been made possible for Dan Patch to pace a mile in 
one minute, fifty-six and one fourth seconds. On account of his high breeding and speed combined, Mr. 
M. W. Savage, proprietor of the International Stock Food Co., Minneapolis, Minnesota, paid the enormous 
sum of $60,000 for him; he is now valued at $150,000. Many of his colts bring $1,000 to $1,500 when one 
day old. What difference does the first cost make so long as his offspring pays a big dividend on the 
investment, beside winning all the big purses, never having lost a race? He only weighs 1,200 pounds; 
his owner was not buying common horse flesh at $50 per pound, but the pedigree, showing his get was 
what placed the value. Size and weight is a small consideration; minutes and seconds are what count. 
The great horsemen are now breeding to this wonderful speeder, paying fabulous prices, hoping to get 
something to still beat his record. It's just as impossible to win a big purse in the great horse races with 
a weak and poorly developed horse as it is to win bis purses in the great strawberry race with weak and 
poorly developed plants. 



transmitted with increased tendency in the 
same direction to the offspring. The early 
horticulturists believed that plant structure 
when propagated by buds and runners was 
fixed and that no change whatever occurred 
in succeeding generations. This thory was 
simply accepted without investigation until it 
was observed that fruit buds vary under selec- 
tion and restriction, resulting in new and vary- 
ing types or forms. "Nature makes no leap," 
is a canon which every fresh addition to our 
knowledge tends to confirm and yet under the 
skillful application of nature's laws new fruits 
are created and old varieties modified to adapt 
them to new conditions by means of which 
their qualities and desirabilities are improved. 
The enthusiastic, successful fruit grower or 
farmer will be satisfied with nothing less than 
a knowledge of these laws, and to possess the 
art 'and skill necessary to make nature open 
to him her storehouses, for of more account 



than gold or silver are the harvests of fruit, 
flower, vegetable and grain in our gardens and 
fields. 

Two of the several purposes for which this 
booklet is written are briefly to give the reader 
the essential facts of plant life and plant breed- 
ing and also to give methods of cultivating the 
strawberry in order to grow the largest crops 
of big, red berries. 

SEX IN PLANTS. 

The natural instinct of all life is to perpetu- 
ate its kind. Flowering plants are male and 
female, sometimes having the organs of the 
two sexes in the same flower or plant, as in the 
bi-sexual strawberry, and on corn, and some- 
times on entirely different plants, as in hemp 
and willows. 

The seeds are the eggs of the plant and con- 
tain the two merged life germs kept in dor- 
mant state just as the germ in a bird's egg re- 




Strawberries, and How He Grows Them 





This is one of Kellogg's thoroughbred strawberry plants. They hold the most 
record of any strawberry plants in the world. They are bred up from a long line of i 
also hold famous fruiting records. With such skillful plant breeding by selection and 
of a careful cultivator it is now possible for them to grow two big red berries where 
before. On account of their high breeding and fruiting power combined, the progressiv 
over the world are setting them. They cost a trifle more than common plants, but what 
first cost make so long as the difference in yield and price obtained pays a big dividend 
Up-to-date berry growers are not buying common plants at so much per pound. Like 
weight Is a small consideration. The fruit producing power and pedigree showing that 
line of Ideal fruiters is what places the value. You cannot win a high reputation and 
great strawberry markets with weak and poorly developed plants any more than you 
Dan Patch with an unbred horse. 



wonderful fruiting 
deal ancestors that 
with the assistance 
one little one grew 
re berry growers all 

difference does the 
on the investment? 

the horse, size and 

they come from a 
be a leader on the 
could compete with 



mains dormant until warmed by incubation. 
The seed is put in the ground, where moisture 
and sunshine stimulate it into activity. Thus 
both develop and bring out the new beings 
after their kind. 

The fruit flesh which we are after grows 
only as a substance for the seeds to develop 
in. The gland system which builds the fruit 
flesh cannot perform its work unless the seed 
forming glands prepare the way for the seed 
building organism to work. We know this 
because whenever fertilization fails no fruit 
flesh develops. If you should set an acre of all 
pistillate varieties of strawberries they would 
bloom full and you would think a great crop 
is in sight, but you would soon see the flowers 
drop off and no berries could be found. The 
banana, pineapple, naval orange and some 
other fruits have no vital seeds and they are 
regarded as freaks. They have, however, rudi- 
mentarv seeds which stimulate into activity 
the fruit flesh glands and we call especial at- 
tention to the fact that all these seedless fruits 
never suffer from overbearing, but if sustained 
by manuring and tillage will bear just as good 
crops the year following, the amount of fruit 
depending merely on the canacity of the trees. 

The especial and important point to note is 



that the development of fruit not only depends 
on conception, but upon the potency and vigor 
of the consolidated life germs, for wherever 
the vitality of these two life germs (of father 
and mother plant), is low, the berries will be 
numerous but always small and deficient in 
quality. 

We know the violent passion for breeding 
possessed by animals and the fact that all 
stock breeders limit them so that they will not 
become seminally exhausted, for in this case 
the offspring would be very inferior in all re- 
spects. 

This seminal exhaustion takes place in 
plants in identically the same wav. Now take 
a vigorous and heavy fruiting raspberry field. 
Omit the annual pruning for one year and see 
what a splendid crop you will get. Now, 
prune it and manure, and next year cultivate 
it as much as you please and see what light 
crops of berries you will get for several years 
to follow. If you prune closely, of course it 
will gradually recover, but for want of restric- 
tion this one year you won, - lose heavily on 
succeeding crops. 

You notice in the orchard when it blooms 
so full, when every twig is loaded with blos- 
soms, that the fruit is always inferior and 




R. M. Kello&g's Great Crops of 





REMOVING BUDS FROM YOUNG STRAWBERRY PLANTS. 

One of our very best investments is cutting the buds from the young spring set strawberry plants 
just as soon as they appear. We have the men go over them in a body with a foreman following, closely 
inspecting the work, seeing that every bud is removed; this relieves the plants of the great strain of 
pollenization, throwing all of its energies to building up a large root and crown system which is the founda- 
tion to a big crop of fancy berries. 

Never allow your young plants to bloom the first year they are set; it's an easy and quick job to take 
them off, simply cut or pinch the fruit stems. If allowed to fruit the first year they are not only weaken- 
ed by pollen exhaustion but seed production as well, resulting in a loss rather than a profit. 



heavy crops will not occur again for several 
years, which may be attributed to pollen ex- 
haustion; but if you properly restrict it by 
pruning or cutting off surplus buds, so it will 
not became seminally weak, it will bear good 
crops of fine fruit every year. Every grower 
of grapes knows that he must cut off fully five- 
sixth of his wood and buds every season to get 
nign-grade fruit, and this is always done in 
the winter or early spring, before excessive 
pollen secretion takes place. "Bearing itself to 
death," is a common expression among fruit 
growers and yet but few persons understand 
the waste of plant vitality arising out of exces- 
sive breeding. 

The strawberry plant left to itself throws 
its whole energies into this sexual function of 
seed production and consequent fruit, and 
gradually its seed organs waste away until its 
fruit is small and inferior and then we say it 
has run out. 

It is only within the last lew years that 
strawberry growine has been made profitable. 
At first the grower fruited his beds several 
years until it needed renovation and manuring 
and then he fitted new land, v ~nt to the old 
bed ior plants and after repeating this once or 
twice he got but little fruit and gave up the 
business in disgust. 

The boom in strawberry growing came when 
an eminent horticulturist pointed out that bet- 
ter results would follow by taking plants from 
yearling beds which had borne no fruit and 
remove all blossnrns the first year. This was 
a big improvement and seedlings of quality 
held out longer because the exhaustive and de- 
vitalizing process of pollen secretions was 
avoided, but for the want of physical exercise 
in the breeding functions they gradually grew 
weaK and unfruitful. 



This was greatly hastened by the fact that 
fruit growers persisted in taking the immature 
tip plants, or those which ran out in the alley 
between the rows. These plants form so late 
in the fall thev have no time to complete the 
development of their fruit organs and as the 
blossom buds were not removed until after the 
mischief of excessive nollenation had occurred 
there soon came to be the greatest difference 
in fruiting ability and the running out process 
went on very fast. 

During all these years there has been a 
clamor for new and more productive seedlings 
and fabulous prices were paid for them and for 
a few seasons they shone like a meteor in the 
horticultural heavens; but they soon began to 
grow dim because of the wasting away of the 
fruit organs and like tneir predecessors, in 
their weakened condition, fell an easy victim 
to insect, fungi and all the ills plant life is 
heir to, and so were uiscarded. 

If there were no changes in the fruit organs 
of plants arising out of excessive pollenation 
and seed formation you could continuously re- 
new from the old bed by taking new runners 
indefinitely; but in all such experiments it has 
been shown that the strength of the plant 
would all go to runners and foliage and not to 
fruit, showing conclusively that potency of 
pollen and pistil fluids are the prime factors 
in growing large berries of quality. 

We have referred to bud variation under 
selection and restriction and the consequent 
changes, and here the work of the plant 
breeder is most valuable. He must be skilled 
in detecting variation for these are often so 
slight that only the trained eye would notice 
them. He must readily select those plants 
having the most improved changes in their 
vascular system and reject those showing a 



6 



A BUSY DAY ON THE B. M. KELLOGG* CO.'S PLANT BREEDING FARMS. 

From early spring till November every day finds a full force of men at work on our grounds. As 
the above illustration shows, the spraying machine leads in the work and this in turn is followed by the 
cultivators; then comes the army of hoemen, each using a small, narrow pointed hoe, breaking up any 
crust left directly in the row where the cultivator cannot reach, taking care not to disturb any runner 
plants that have started to send down roots, and also to place dirt just behind the nodes of all the runners 
that haven't started roots; this holds them in their places until root growth begins, and encourages all the 
roots possible to start direct from the crowns, which makes an ideal plant. The spray machine always 
keeps far enough ahead of cultivators to insure that the liquid becomes thoroughly dry before any dust 
is raised to adhere to the leaf which would effect the chemical action of the spray materials. In just 
two and one half days after each rain the entire 80 acres of plants are blanketed with a perfect dust 
mulch. You don't see any boys in the battle; the entire regiment is made up of the very best and most 
painstaking men this country produces. We have been years picking them out and many of them have 
been enlisted here so long that we would not be surprised if they yet make applications for pensions. The 
Captain leads the men into the field of action at just 7 o'clock in the morning; at noon each one sits 
down to a full dinner pail, starting again at prompt one, keeping a steady gait until six o'clock when all 
go cheerfully to their happy homes. We pay the best wages and get the very best men that do the very 
best work. 




L. H. BAILEY, M. S. 

Director of the School of Agriculture, Cornell 
University, Ithaca, N. Y., and author of Plant Breed- 
ing. Every berry grower should have a copy of this 
valuable book. It is published and sold by Macmll- 
lan & Co., 66 Fifth avenue, New York. Price $1.00. 



weakness, for it is only by propagating from 
the plant or tree having the stronger fruiting 
tendency that he can expect to secure an im- 
provement in quality and quantity of fruit. 

The reputation of a plant breeder for skill 
counts for as much as that of a judge at a 
poultry show; no two judges scale a chicken 
just the same, but the verdict of the one 
known to possess the greater skill is accepted 
as final. So with plants. 

The great majority of plants will be healthy 
and strong, especially if restricted to prevent 
seed exhaustion and are well fed and protected 
from encroachments of other plants. 

If there is no such thing as changing the 
organism of plants, why do we have plant 
breeding classes in our Agricultural Colleges? 
Of course, it is a recent thing, but twenty 
years ago not one farmer in a thousand knew 
plants were male and female or scarcely any- 
thing about their physiological parts. 

It costs big money to maintain a model 
orchard and bed of ideal perfect plants from 
which to propagate. New selections must con- 
tinuously be made and while with the berry 
it can be renewed every year and good ac- 
cumulations be rapidly made, yet with the 
orchard, it requires many years to effect a 
single change; so the growers of cheap nursery 
stock were forced to teach the false doctrine 
of stability of buds in plants. 

This subject was brought to the attention 
of the American Association of Nurserymen, 
which assembled in Detroit, Mich., a few years 
ago, by that most eminent horticultural in- 
vestigator, Prof. L. H. Bailey, who pointed oul 
the necessity of model orchards and idea! 
berry plants from which to propagate, and 
showed how rapidly our trees and plants were 
degenerating under the present system of 
using nursery row scions and hit-or-miss 
plant multiplying. In the discussion the 
nurserymen all conceded the correctness of 
Professor Bailey's claims, but argued that the 



7. 




THE STRAWBERRY FLOWER GARDEN. 

There is certainly nothing more pleasing to the eye than a neat flower bed of any kind, and when 
we can have a beautiful flower bed loaded down with big red berries we do not stop at pleasing the eye, 
but here is where the stomach gets satisfaction as well. There are no flowers that make any prettier bed 
than the strawberry plant with its green foliage, then its load of white bloom with bright yellow center, 
and lastly the immense donation of blood red berries that make the mouth and eyes water. The city 
folks with small lots have a chance to pick fresh berries as well as bouquets; then the pleasure of grow- 
ing the berries themselves makes them taste much better. Simply mark the design wanted in the dirt 
then set plants in these marks. Let the children help take care of them until the berries are ripe, when 
it's hardly safe to have any children around under the age of 75. Just slip a few big juicy berries into 
the milkman's hand and they will be hint enough for him not to put any water into his products during 
the berry season. 



people would not pay a price that would justify 
the additional expense until they were suffici- 
ently educated to comprehend the difference; 
that they were forced to adopt methods which 
would enable them to grow the big plants and 
trees for the least money until people would 
pay for quality. The people wanted large, 
smooth trees and plants and it was shown that 
these could not be produced from strong, bear- 
ing wood. These were generally crooked and 
would not attain size in the same time they 
would if scions were taken from non-bearing 
wood continuously as from tips of young trees 
in the nursery row. 

Did you ever notice that a tree bearing big 
crops of fruit is always crooked and scraggly? 
When scions are taken from them, the young 
trees have the same peculiarity and while they 
would come into bearing earlier and produce 
much better fruit, yet people do not like the 
looks of them. They judge by size and not by 



the internal machinery. It is exactly the same 
with plants. They want a big plant and to get 
it the nurseryman must propagate from those 
with fruit organs wasted so the resources go 
to building up the vegetable parts. 

At this nurserymen's convention, Professor 
Bailey made comparisons of plants and ani- 
mals and urged horticulturists to study the 
means adopted by stock breeders for improv- 
ing their animals and all present agreed that a 
radical changcmust be made; that the advance- 
ment of horticultural science was such that 
people would demand trees that possessed the 
function for making fruit of quality, and not 
wood, runners and vegetable parts. All this is 
not a mere question of manure and tillage, but 
is one of plant organism and development of 
fruit glands requiring years of selection and 
restriction. 

If there were no bud variation a strawberry 
plant could be fruited year after year, produc- 



8 




Strawberries, and How Be Grows Them 





THE HOME STRAWBERRY BED. 

What knowledge and habits are of most worth? This is a question that may well stand first in the 
minds of fathers and mothers, for hold any ideals we may, the great fact still stands out as clear as the 
noon-day sun that food and raiment demand a large part of our attention and fortunate indeed is the boy 
and girl who learns early to appreciate the best and to know how to get it honestly and independently. 

The illustration above is made from a photograph of a home garden, the bed consisting of eleven 
rows three feet apart and occupying but little more than ten square rods. From this plot of ground there 
were picked four hundred and ninety quarts of berries beside what was used by the family both on the 
table and for canning. This yield was not uncommonly large, but was good. The . berries sold brought 
the neat sum of $48.60. Nor was the financial part the most profitable, for habits of industry and thrift 
are nowhere better fixed than in the fruit garden, especially if those who do the work are to reap the 
reward. Everybody admires the man and the woman who is a financial success, anc 1 to be a financial 
success does not necessarily mean to be rich, but rather to be forehanded and self supporting. The boy 
and girl who forms habits of industry, method, thoroughness, conscientiousness, courtesy, etc., have the 
foundations to financial success in its true sense already laid, and when given a chance there is no 
better nor more practical way to learn it than in the strawberry bed. Thrift is a habit and the right way 
to learn to do is by doing. 



ing just as good fruit and as much of it every 
year, provided it were given good tillage and 
plenty of manure. But this proposition is at 
variance with the experience of every success- 
ful berry grower. 

The old Wilson Albany strawberry is often 
cited to show there is no such thing as varia- 
tion in plants. This old variety possessed a 
strong fruiting vigor and held its place for 
more than forty years as the leading market 
berry, but in the last years that it was in gen- 
eral cultivation there were nearly as many 
strains of the Wilson as there were berry 
fields of it. It was very far from the big, 
luscious berry introduced by James Wilson of 
Albany. It did not attain half the size it 
originally did and when you get the facts or 
its existence you have conclusive proof that 
selection and restriction thoroughly carried 
out would have perpetuated this sterling old 
variety indefinitely. If you study this subject 
carefully you will see there is a variability in 
everything possessing life and that the basis of 



all improvement 
manipulation. 



is selection and physical 



PROPAGATION BY SEEDS. 

We can not rely on strawberry plants propa- 
gated by seeds because there is a consolidation 
or merger of two life germs, that of the male 
and another of the female, and one may be 
much stronger than the other. If you were to 
plant twenty thousand seeds of the Sample 
strawberry fertilized by Aroma, probably not 
one would be better or as good as the Sample, 
because an entire new vascular system would 
be created in the merger. There is a complete 
division of each and every characteristic of 
father and mother in every particular and 
sometimes peculiarities of even remote ances- 
tors will appear in the new life. 

When we do find in a new seedling variety 
such a gland system as would in producing 
seeds build up the largest amount of fruit flesh 
and give it the richest flavor, best texture, 
most pleasing color and form, we at once be- 



9 




R. M. Rellogg's Great Crops of 





THE SECOND SPRAYING 

No chances taken on our plant farms;, we shoot before the enemy comes in sight. Immediately 
after the plants are all set we load up our four row power sprayer with Bordeaux mixture and Paris green, 
going over the entire eighty acres of plants every ten days. Liver of sulphur is used at intervals to pre- 
vent mildew. No fungi or insects are allowed to interfere with the growth of plants; the lungs and stom- 
ach (foliage) are kept in a healthy condition, which assures perfect development. 



gin to propagate it from its buds; that is, run- 
ners, and if this propagation is carefully car- 
ried on by restriction and selection, as we 
have already explained, the variety will retain 
its characteristics many years. The develop- 
ment of new varieties by seed propagation is 
intensely interesting for even though many 
hundred of the varieties will be inferior to the 
parent plant in quality of fruit, yet the one 
contribution of a superior variety repays in 
satisfaction for all of the time and patience 
needed to produce it. 

PROPAGATION BY RUNNERS. 

The structure of the strawberry plant and 
of the peach tree is the same, each being such 
as adapts it to its nature of growth. In front 
of the mature leaf of each may be found a bud 
which on the peach tree may develop into a 
branch, and on the strawberry plant into a run- 
ner; in fact the runner is the branch of the 
strawberry plant. It forms a bud or node and 
protoplasm collects in it and thus a new being 
is formed. When leaves and roots are formed 
to support it, the connecting vine dries up and 
dies and we have a new and distinct creation. 
The important point to note is that the new 
plant has essentially the same gland system 
as that from which the runner came. It is the 
same with all trees and other plants propa 
gated by grafting, cutting and buds. It is 
called propagation, sexually or without the aid 
of the sexes. 

PLANT PEDIGREE. 

Pedigree plants means plants scientifically 
developed. The word "science" means knowl- 



edge classified, or in other words, work carried 
on under a well-planned and defined system. 
The word "pedigree" means a description of 
the individual ancestry in a lineal ascent. All 
animals have a pedigree, but all animals are 
not called .pedigree animals because the word 
is always used in a technical sense. It means 
skillful breeding. 

The native cattle of the western plains are 
bred on the hit and miss plan without selec- 
tion and restriction by the trained eye and 
hand of man. As they have no organism for 
converting grain and grass into the tender 
steaks all their food goes into skin, bone and 
gristle. Shorthorns and other thoroughbred 
stock being developed by scientific selection, 
restriction, proper environment, and the ac- 
cumulation of good variations, have their 
higher qualities of flesh tissues developed to 
the extent that their meat value is more than 
twice that of native western stock. What a 
wide difference there is in the flesh of the two 
classes of animals! There is the same differ- 
ence in plants. One, through scientific treat- 
ment, selection, restriction, proper environ- 
ments and accumulations of good variations, is 
said to be thoroughbred, and the pedigree or 
description of each ancestor shows that it has 
been carried on long enough to fix these feat- 
ures in the plant so it will be transmitted. 

Since all our plants are bred in this way we 
have adopted a trade mark which is protected 
by common law and designates the stock we 
furnish as "Pedigree Thoroughbred Plants," 
to designate them from plants commonly 
grown like the wild cattle of the plains. 



10 




Strawberries, and How Be Grows Them 





PRIDE OF MICHIGAN IN BLOOM. 

Just look at this engraving and imagine every bloom a big red berry; that is just what you will 
see every year. No blank bloom on the Pride of Michigan; everyone develops into a big bright red and 
perfect specimen that fills every requirement of an ideal fancy berry; just lay down and hide in the long 
green foliage and eat until your stomach says enough. But don't leave yet, you will want more in a few 
minutes; they only come once a year so eat to your satisfaction. 



OUR BREEDING PLANTS. 

Under the illustration of Plant Selection we 
have given the fundamental principles of plant 
breeding as carried out on our grounds. 

Young people are often admonished to se- 
cure an education and are assured it is the one 
thing that cannot be taken from them nor can 
they loose it. No statement is further from 
the truth for it is an unvarying law of nature 
that any faculty or power of body or mind 
degenerates and is lost by disuse; we must 
use or lose every talent either natural or 
acquired. While it is doing that develops, we 
must also remember that excessive doing like- 
wise causes loss of power; and this is as true 
in plant life as in animal. It overworks its 
fruit producing organism and must be re- 
strained (restricted) to the ability of its gland 
spstem to replace the parts worn out and so 
long as this is done the plant will grow 
stronger, but when you pass that line it will 
grow weaker and waste away. 

We have already explained that plants 
possess the same violent passion for breeding 
through the sexes as is possessed by animals 
and that this drained the sources of life itself 
and would eventually make the plant impotent 
or lose the ability to fruit at all. 

We propagate continuously from bearing 
plants, but they are restricted to the point 
where strength accumulates. For the purpose 
of securing'the betterment of our stock plants, 
as well as in the after multiplication ,they are 
grown under the most favorable conditions 
known to the horticultural art. 



Absolutely no expense is spared which, in 
our judgment, would contribute to their bet- 
terment and yet under these favorable environ- 
ments some will improve faster than others 
and so the scale of perfection is advanced 
materially by selection. We can improve 
strawberries faster than any other perennial 
because through runners we get new creations 
every year. The illustration of our breeding 
bed was taken on September i, 1904. The first 
year we can only judge of the general appear- 
ance of the vegetative parts, which cannot be 
seen the following spring, and so after they 
have made advancement enough to show these 
qualities, those showing best are designated 
by a numbered stake and scaled by actual 
measurements. Peculiarities of foliage and 
crowns, with number of apparent fruit buds 
are noted on a decimal scale of hundredths.'* 

In the following spring we judge their fruit- 
ing abilities. Excessive pollenation is pre- 
vented by removing two-thirds of the blos- 
som buds on each stem and the fruit is allowed 
to set and then thinned to two or three ber- 
ries to the stem. The gland system of the 
plant can only be judged by its performance — ■ 
that is, the fruit it produces. 

The size, color, texture and form are all 
carefully noted. The question of superiority 
of the plant is not guessed at; it is a matter of 
mathematical calculation and the one showing 
the greatest number of points of excellence 
now becomes the parent of all of that variety. 
Its runner plants are transferred to a bed 
where it can be further developed and make 



11 




R. M. Kello&g's Great Crops of 




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If there is a fruit plant or tree on earth that responds richly to good treatment, generous feeding, 
an abundance of air and sunshine and good cultivation it is the strawberry. The above illustration is not 
a mere imagination but a true story told by the camera of a fruiting (?) bed. This one is in our neigh- 
borhood and you have the same kind in your locality, and yet the owners are always wondering why they 
never have any LUCK in growing berries. Some persons have no clear ideas of what true energy is; that 
is, they get confused in regard to luck and a talent for work. We pity them. Don't you? 



runners from which all our customers are fur- 
nished. They are just as truly thoroughbred 
as any animal in the land. 

THE SCIENCE OF PLANT BREEDING. 

The organization of the division of Vege- 
table Physiology and Pathology of the Agri- 
cultural Department at Washington, D. C, is 
of comparatively recent date, but today it is not 
only the leading division of the department, 
but the Bureau of Plant Breeding in connec- 
tion with it is becoming the most prominent 
and employs the world's best experts in carry- 
ing on its work. 

The National Animal and Plant Breeders' 
Association, whose meeting was held at St. 
Louis, Missouri, in December, 1903, has taken 
up the work of plant breeding in a practical, 
systematic way and the revolution in agricul- 
tural methods as well as in fruit growing may 
be said to have fairly begun. 

The literature of this science yet consists of 
but few pamphlets and books, but they are 
multiplying, for practical plant breeding is 
destined to add untold wealth to the world's 
storehouse. 



To those who are interested in pursuing 
further the study of this most important sub- 
ject we would recommend that delightful lit- 
tle book, "Plant Breeding," by Prof. L. H. 
Bailey of Cornell University, and published by 
Macmillan & Co., 66 Fifth Avenue, New York. 
Also Bulletin No. 29, U. S. Department of 
Agriculture, Washington, D. C, entitled, Plant 
Breeding by Willet M. Hayes, Professor of 
Agriculture, University of Minnesota. It can 
be procured by writing to the department. 

The day is not far distant when no fruit 
grower will set plants or trees not propagated 
from pure bred stock and he will rely on the 
practical plant breeders to furnish him for 
his fruiting orchards and fields with plants 
scientifically grown. 

THE PROPAGATING BED. 

You cannot make a sur-^ess in growing ber- 
ries where you propagate plants in the same 
bed upon which you grow fruit. Each requires 
a different treatment to produce best results. 
It is much like the old combined reapers and 
mowers of fifty years ago. They were to cut 
both grass and grain and always wasted both. 



12 




In Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, Shakespears makes the Dane say " Look here, upon this picture, and 
on this." This garden and the one on the preceding page are less than a half mile apart if measured by 
the surveyor's chain, but several times that distance if measured by quantity and quality of berries. A 
great deal of the joy of life consists in doing well everything attempted, and when the wife can walk down 
the straw covered paths and fill the basket with the fine, plump fellows that lay in wind-rows she can't 
help but feel cheerful as she sets the luscious short cake on the dinner and supper table. And how does 
the other fellow's wife look at life when she is hunting among the vines and weeds for a few nubbins? 
Who is to blame if she don't smile when you come home? The man who doesn't make love to his wife 
after they are married is neither appreciative nor wise, and one of the ways to do it right is to provide 
for her a good strawberry bed. 



Preparation for a big crop of high priced 
berries must begin in advance. You must not 
only have your ground fitted, but your plants 
also must be grown under special care. It makes 
a world wide difference if you start the bed 
with plants already well developed, because in 
this case you have only to enable them to hold 
their own and then you can get results. 

In selecting ground avoid all low, mucky 
soil. These unduly stimulate the vegetative 
parts of the plant at the expense of fruit or- 
gans. Such soil are largely used by growers 
of cheap plants because they make a world of 
runners, but it is hard on the man who buys 
the plants; for a plant grown under such con- 
ditions will go right on making runners in- 
stead of berries. 

Select a sand loam and set plants fully twice 
as far apart as if they were intended for fruit. 
Make it only moderately rich and depend on 
thorough tillage and layering the plants so 
they will root as soon as formed and be es- 
pecially sure to keep them spread out so every 
leaf will be fully exposed to the sunshine. 

Use the cultivator liberally, but do not crowd 
the plants. Use a sharp pointed hoe to work 
among the plants to break up the crust, using 



care not to disturb the plants that are be- 
ginning to send down roots. 

A runner will not make roots unless it is 
brought in contact with moist earth, and so in 
layering, it is best to remove a little of the dry 
top earth and replace it over the crown, but 
the leaves must not be covered. A small 
stone is best because it holds capillary mois- 
ture. It is a good plan to have a pretty large 
propagating bed for in a dry season it will not 
make so many plants, and you will have op- 
portunities to sell a good many, and after you 
have taken what you want you can let the bal- 
ance fruit. Where beds are fruited two or 
three years before turning under, you should 
plan the propagating bed a year in advance 
and order fresh selections of thoroughbred 
plants and in that way a material saving can 
be effected. 

It is of the utmost importance that the 
breeding bed be mulched as soon as it freezes 
in the fall. A plant left to freeze every cold 
night and thaw every bright sunny winter day 
might form new roots to take the place of 
those broken by the expanding and contrac- 
tion of the ground, if the plant was left where 
it grew, but where it is transplanted many 



13 




R. M. Kellotfs Great Crops of 




A PERFECTLY BALANCED WATCH. 

This watch was built upon honor by manufac- 
turers of reputation, and is one of the highest grade 
watches in the world. Each delicate part is made 
from the very finest material that can be produced, 
and is put together by the most skilled experts; the 
majority of the parts are so small that they can 
scarcely be seen with the naked eye, but when proper- 
ly polished and adjusted, it is a regular network of 
perfectly balanced machinery, each part doing its par- 
ticular work and keeping time that can always be 
depended upon. The value of a watch cannot be 
determined by its size any more than a strawberry 
plant can be judged in value by its size; the true 
worth of a watch lies in the perfect time it keeps 
and a guarantee that is backed up by the makers. 

will be sure to fail. The mulching serves to 
keep the plants back so you can fit your 
ground and still have dormant plants. 

You will need to have a larger bed for these 
pedigree plants because they do not send out 
runners early. They first throw up large 
crowns and make runners later, and will not 
make half the runners as a rule that common 
plants would make under the same tillage. 

We are often asked if plants of different 
varieties set in the same bed will mix, to 
which we reply that the new plants might be- 
come mixed by the runners spreading out and 
becoming mingled as they take root; but each 
variety will bear its own particular berries re- 
gardless of other varieties that may be grow- 
ing near it. The seeds in each variety will 
mix or hybridize, and if these are planted new 
varieties would be obtained. 

The number of plants each variety will make 
depends on the soil, moisture and care given 
and especially the amount of nitrogen in the 
soil. As a rule the early varieties make more 
runners than the late ones. 

The propagating bed is a fine place to study 
plant life and get interested in it. You al- 
ways feel better and acquire a disposition to 
push things along when you find you are do- 
ing work in a systematic way and see big 
results in advance. A commonly bred pig 
will make pork, but a thoroughbred pig will 
make very much better pork and a good deal 
more of it according to the feed given it. Don't 




A PERFECTLY BALANCED STRAWBERRY PLANT. 

This strawberry plant was grown upon honor by 
experienced men of reputation, and is from a strain of 
the highest grade mother plants in the world; each 
delicate part is built up on the highest grade plant 
foods that can be obtained, and all phases of plant 
breeding by selection is carried out by the most skilled 
experts. The most valuable parts of this plant can- 
not be seen by the naked eye, but like the watch, Is 
a regular network of perfectly balanced plant ma- 
chinery, and when properly trimmed and adjusted to 
the soil, each of these delicate parts start at once to 
do their particular work, producing the required effects 
that can always be depended upon. The value of a 
plant cannot be determined by its size any more than 
a watch can be judged by its size; the true worth of 
a plant lies in the quality and quantity of berries It 
produces, which depends on the strain of plants from 
which it was bred. 



allow yourself to believe there is not the same 
difference in plants. 

Selling plants is much like selling berries. 
When you grow berries so luscious and good 
that they will contribute more happiness and 
satisfaction to the purchaser than those grown 
by anyone else, you are dead sure of that 
person's patronage. 

Plants are judged by the fruit they bear and 
when people see your big berries they judge 
rightly when they say big, luscious berries can- 
not be grown on poor plants, and so you will 
soon begin to have inquiries, and if your pro- 
pagating bed is conducted right you will grad- 
ually grow into a profitable business in this 
line. 

The demand for high grade strawberries in 
these prosperous times is something enormous 
and growing every year, so that the demand 
will always be greater than the supply. 

Money is useful when it brings happiness, 
and the fellow who can furnish the most pleas- 



14 




THE WILD STRAWBERRY. 

Nearly everybody has picked the wild strawberry, 
do small it required almost a day to pick enough for 
a shortcake. Just see the photographs of berries on 
following pages which shows the results of careful 
plant breeding by selection and restriction with good 
culture. 




EXCELSIOR, 

EXTRA EARLY. Bi-sexual. Perfectly reliable 
as its tall thick foliage protects the bloom from 
danger of frosts, and this is one good point for such 
an extra early variety. It can't be beat as a heavy 
yielder of good average size, highly colored, firm 
berries; they are such a bright red they fairly glisten 
in the box. It has a long fruiting season, and is 
among the very first to ripen when prices are high, 
which is another point in its favor. Its shape is al- 
most round, all averaging nearly the same size and 
smooth as can be. It is very popular and succeeds 
all over the country, doesn't require any petting, but 
keeps right on growing. However, you will be well 
paid for any extra care given it; the plants do not 
^et large in the propagating bed, but stools up to a 
mammoth size when restricted to narrow hedge row. 
This is th« 9th year of selection from ideal fruiters, 
raining points of excellence every year. 

ure for the least money will get the most or- 
ders for berries or plants, or both. 
SUNSHINE. 

We have already explained that sunshine is 
the mechanical force that enables plants to as- 
similate their food and separate the carbon 
from oxygen of the air; that to do their work 
the air must have free circulation among the 
leaves and particularly at the crown of the 
plant, where the seed germ is located, or it 
cannot develop; for this reason the plants 
should always be kept far enough apart so 
the leaves can fall over flat so the entire up- 
per surface shall be fully exposed to the sun's 
rays. Where plants are allowed to make run- 
ners, and mat so thickly that the sun can only 
shine on the outer edge, you must not expect 
much fruit. 

Did you ever wonder why God made the 
sun to rise fax to the northeast and set in the 




CLIMAX. 

EXTRA EARLY. Bi-sexual. strong pollenizer. 
Anyone who could visit our field of this variety and 
see their dark ^reen foliage without getting enthusias- 
tic, isn't fit for the strawberry business. This is our 
first place to visit in the morning, and when the big, 
red, waxy berries are ripe I generally take my first 
course of breakfast in the field No, thanks, don't 
need any cream or sugar, they are rich and sweet 
enough without; the large, ripe ones seem to hide 
under the big foliage when they see me coming. It 
is enormously productive, the berries lay on top of 
each other, very firm and extra high quality, every 
one as smooth as a top, having the appearance of 
being moulded to order; just place the big, meaty fel- 
lows tastefully in the box and ask yjur own price; 
oeing so extra early and everybody hungry for straw- 
berries they won't object to paying your price to get 
them. The first year of selection shows it a wonder- 
ful plant to build up lots of big crowns with no varia- 
tion in the foliage which makes it all the more at- 
tractive. 




JOKXSON'S EARLY. 

EXTRA EARLY. Bi-sexual. Seems to be a little 
particular as to soil; it has been a great leader as an 
early berry for several years; quite popular in the 
south, is prolific of highly colored berries, of medium 
size and good quality. Unless you know it will do 
well in your locality we would advise making a 
small trial before setting it largely. The seventh 
year of development by selection and restriction. 

northwest? This is to cause sunshine to reach 
the north side of trees and plants. Notice 
how the house plants turn the upper surface of 
their leaves toward the light. 

Fungus plants, like toad stools, mush-rooms, 
etc., grow in the dark, but they have no diges- 



15 




R. M. Kellogg's Great Crops of 




AUGUST LUTHER. 

EXTRA EARLY. Ei-sexual. This variety is 
very popular not only with berry growers but aiso in 
the family garden. It has a host of friends and 
succeeds everywhere. The berry has a good bright 
color; with dark red flesh; form roundish, tapering 
a little to a point which makes it very attractive- 
for an early berry in the family garden we don't 
know of anything to beat it as it has such a rich deli- 
cate flavor The berries are good size, firm, and lots 
of them. The plants are a beautiful green, upright 
growers and make runners freely. This is the 6th 
year of selection and restriction, and it is showing up 
better every year. The calls for these plants are in- 
creasing so fast that our supply was exhausted last 
year long before the close of our shipping season. 



tive organs of their own and merely appro- 
priate dead matter in mould. 

DESCRIPTION OF VARIETIES. 

Before reading the descriptions of the dif- 
ferent varieties, we wish it understood that 
everyone of them has been thoroughly tested 
in our experimental beds, keeping acurate 
records of every point in fruit and foliage, 
watching every little detail closely and neglect- 
ing nothing. We do not guess at anything, 
but depend entirely upon figures and dates. In 
the description of each variety the number of 
years is given that we have been breeding it 
up by selection from ideal mother plants of 
known fruiting vigor. When stating that a 
certain variety does well everywhere, we get 
our authority from reports furnished us by 
growers using our plants, from all over the 
country. But remember that these results 
which we and our customers are getting can- 
not be obtained with plants that have become 
weakened by pollen exhaustion or careless 
propagating from run out beds. Plants that 
are bred up from a long line of ideal ancestors 
and grown under our methods will fill every 
statement made on each individual variety. 

PEDIGREE. 

Every plant we send out is eligible to a ped- 
igree record, because it comes from a long 
line of ideal mother plants of known fruitage 
vigor. Like begets like in plants just the 
same as in animals; there are variations in 
either, but no more in one than the other, and 
the only scientific method that can be used 
in improving either plants or. -animals is to 




«&VV 




MICHELS EARLY. 

EXTRA EARLY. Bi-sexual. One of the very 
earliest on the list, nearly every grower in the coun- 
try has tested it; does well on sandy or clay loam, 
an extra good pollenizer. Berries are deep red, firm 
and good quality; can be shipped long distances. It 
makes a vigorous growth, long leaf stems that are a 
great protection against frosts. This is the 14th year 
of selection and restriction. 

breed by selecting from the most perfect 
specimens, showing the most points of ex- 
cellence, bringing each generation nearer the 
perfection mark. The most scientific horticul- 
tural and stock breeders know and admit this 
to be a fact, and the results of past years sub- 
stantiate the correctness of their methods. 
Not only plant and stock breeders are work- 
ing along these lines of improvement, but corn 
and wheat breeders as well. The manufactur- 
ers employ skilled experts to work out im- 
provements in their particular lines, and the 
air is full of improvement. The world is 
bound to advance; there has never been and 
never will be enough old fogies to hold it back, 
and the last twenty years show more ad- 
vancement along all lines than any other fifty 
years of its history. The coming twenty years 
will show double results of the twenty just 
passed. The American people are getting 
wakened and becoming enthusiastic on plant, 
animal and grain breeding. 

ARRANGEMENT OF PLANTS. 

There are five ways of growing strawber- 
ries, viz: Hill culture, single hedge row, 
double hedge row, narrow matted row and full 
matted row. 

Hill or stool culture does not mean grow- 
ing them on a little mound of earth as many of 
our correspondents seem to think, but on level 
ground. It means that the runners are all to 
be picked off as fast as they appear so it will 
be confined to one single plant. It might be 
called a consolidated plant. If the fruit or- 
gans and disposition of the plant to make fruit 
buds is strong, as in the ease of a thorough- 
bred plant, when a runner is cut, it will not 
throw out any more runners until it builds up 
on the side of the plant a new crown and fruit 
bud. Then it will send out another runner; 
cut this and you will get a new fruit crown. 



16 





Strawberries, and Bow Be Grows Them 




PALMER. 

EXTRA EARLY. Bi-sexual. Berries are deep 
crimson, a mild rich table berry, quite firm, good for 
market or home use. The foliage is light green, grows 
tall and protects the bloom from danger of frost. 
This is the third year of selection and it is showing 
up magnificently. 



It is a fine test of the fruiting vigor of a plant. 
If it is exhausted in its organism, when you 
cut a runner, it will throw out another runner 
and often you will find it exceedingly difficult 
to make it build up fruit crowns. Of course, 
all plants will make runners more freely if 
the soil contains a large amount of nitrogen. 

The soil must be very rich and the plants 
should be set in rows 24 to 30 inches apart 
and about 20 inches apart in the row. It is a 
waste of land to set them three or four feet 
apart because the ground would not be fully 
occupied. 




TEXAS. 

EXTRA EARLY. Bi-sexual A splendid mate for 
any pistillate of its season. It stools up wonderfully, 
developing an extra big crown system, also a large 
healthy foliage, which enables it to mature the big 
crop of highly colored berries. We fell in love with 
it deeper than ever last year; its berries are deep 
red, of extra high quality, and is a good shipper, 
ripening so early that it catches the high prices. The 
berries have such a delicate appearance when nicely 
arranged in the box that the very sight of them 
makes one hungry. 

The demand for plants was so great last year 
our stock was sold out before the season was half 
over, nearly every order called for Texas, and the 
indications are that there will be a still greater 
scramble for them this year than ever, as it seems 
to succeed everywhere. We have had it under close 
restriction for three years, making big gains in all 
points each season. 





SINGLE HEDGE ROW. 



The advantage is that the plants will ar- 
range their foliage so each leaf shall have full 
sunshine and a free circulation of air all 
around it. Sometimes the plants stool up too 
much to permit this and then as good results 
do not follow. The fruit buds are generally 
fully matured in the fall. This is of the ut- 
most importance in growing high grade fruit 
and here they have plenty of time. It makes 
it easy to hoe and conserve moisture and the 
saving over working in the matted row is 
more than the cutting of runners. 

THE SINGLE HEDGE ROW. 

The single hedge row is an ideal way of 
growing berries. For hand tillage the rows 
need not be over two feet apart, but for horse 
culture at least 30 inches and plants set about 
20 inches apart. Let one runner start out each 
way and form one plant on each side. This 
makes the plants set about seven inches apart. 
Then we keep off all other runners and keep 



the plants, like drilled corn, in a straight row. 
The runners can nearly all be cut with a sharp 
hoe or rolling runner cutter as shown in pic- 
ture. It is a fiat disc ten inches in diameter 
attached to the cultivator by an outrigger 
with castor action and has a leaf guard which 
picks the leaves up and pushes them aside and 
cuts the runners by rolling over them. It fits 
the 12-tooth Planet, Jr., cultivator, but will 
work on any by having holes drilled to bolt 
the outrigger on. We prefer to bolt it to a 
wheel hoe frame because we can control it 
much better and make it dodge in and out to 
get the runners. We use it this way altogeth- 
er. Use a file to keep the disc sharp. There 
seems to be an instinct in plants to send the 
runner out in an open space where they will 
get. air and sunshine, and so you will see a 
very lar^e majority go across the alley so the 
cutter will get nearly all of them and the bal- 
ance can be cut out with a hoe while you are 
weed fishing. 



17 




BEDfcKVVOOD. 

MEDIUM EAFcHY. Bi-sexual. Always on hand 
with a big crop of most beautiful crimson berries of 
extra high quality, laying in windrows all around the 
plants. It is very popular throughout the country 
and is ready for a large business in almost any good 
soil; the reports we get on it are all good, its 
productiveness of such high quality berries is not all 
for it is exceedingly valuable as a pollenizer. It is a 
strong grower with an abundance of foliage to pro- 
tect its bloom, and is also very deep rooted. Eighteen 
years selection and testing gives us confidence in 
recommending it so highly. 

The cultivator can be made to cover almost 
the entire surface, making hand work about as 
small as possible. The dust mulch can be kept 
on the surface so all the water is breathed 
away by the plants. The plants will not get 
too large so as to crowd into the center. The 
leaves form an oval ridge, giving perfect ex- 
posure to sunshine, while the alley between 
the rows gives ample root pasturage. 

The berries will all be large and even in size 
so they look very beautiful in the box. There 
are so few small ones that it does not pay to 



CL.YDE. 

Medium ear~i.r to late, bi-sexual. This is one of 
Frank E. Beatty's pets. He has five acres of Clydes 
in one block at his Covington, Indiana, farm, and 
ships them out by the dray load, some going 225 
miles to the Burnet Hotel, Cincinnati, Ohio. It is ex- 
ceedingly productive of extra large berries that are a 
most beautiful crimson color, never mis-shapen. 
They are nearly all the same size, running so even 
that sorting is hardly necessary; when nicely ar- 
ranged in the box they look like wax, all moulded 
alike. One side is a bright crimson while the other 
has a rich creamy color with just enough pink to 
make it show off well. It possibly has the longest 
fruiting season of any on the list. We have had them 
start to ripen a few days after the earliest and con- 
tinue with big berries clear through the entire straw- 
berry season. 

The foliage is light green and has a wonderful 
power in building up a big crown system. It is a sight 
worth seeing at blooming time; the entire foliage is 
covered with a snow white veil, dotted with rich gold- 
en pollen. Use plenty of manure, get your soil rich, 
use cultivator and hoes often, top dress with 75 lbs. 
nitrate of soda in the spring before growth starts 
and the big crimson creamy berries will do the rest. 
Eleventh year of careful selection; big foliage being 
the most important point in the breeding. 




DOUBLE HSDQE ROW 



sort them. The pickers can make more money 
picking at a cent a quart than at two cents in 
wide matted rows where they have to spend 
much time in hunting through a mass of foli- 
age. The berries just lie in wind-rows along 
each side and about all a picker has to do is to 
examine their ripeness. 

DOUBLE HEDGE ROW. 

This is unquestionably the ideal way to 
grow varieties which are disposed to develop 
a thin foliage, as for example the Clyde, as 
they will give more berries with this system 
than in the single hedge row, and the berries 
will grow fully as large, making many more 
bushels to the acre. Their foliage being thin 
it also makes it more possible to protect the 



fruit from sun scald. The plants are set 
twenty-four inches apart in the row, allowing 
each one to make four runners, layering them 
so that each parent plant together with the 
tour sets form a letter X; this gives one-third 
more plants than the single hedge system, 
and at the same time gives each plant ample 
room for sunshine and food, so they can do 
heavy work as they are spread out wider. 

Varieties making a thick heavy foliage 
should not be grown in the double hedge row, 
as they would make too much shade to de- 
velop up a big crop of berries. Each variety 
should be grown under the system best 
adapted to its original habit of growth, which 
will prevent it from laboring under any dis- 
advantage. Make everything congenial for 



18 



^^Strawberries, and Bow Be Grows Them 




w (\ V * x 




CUMBERLAND. 

EARLY TO MEDIUM. Bi-sexual. It is that 
great big crimson berry so sweet that even an invalid 
can eat it. Many people who cannot eat a sour berry 
can eat of this to their fill. Splendid berry for com- 
pany when you serve with stems. Not a very good 
shipper and will look dull if left in sunshine for a 
considerable time after picking. Pedigree of twenty 
years selection and restriction. The calls for plants 
are increasing every year. 

the plants, giving them all the opportunity 
possible, and by working to their interest they 
will most surely reciprocate. 

THE NARROW MATTED ROW. 

The narrow matted row is the next best. 
The row is allowed to fill in so when full it 
will not be over a foot wide. Plants must not 
be allowed to set so thickly as to exclude sun- 
shine from the crown. Then all the runners 
are cut for the rest of the season. The rows 
should be three feet apart and plants about 
30 inches in the row. A sharp pointed hoe is 
best for working around among the plants. 

THE WIDE MATTED ROW. 

The rows are made four feet apart and 
plants set about 24 inches apart. As the run- 
ners form, the cultivator is narrowed up, al- 
ways going in the same direction so as to 
throw them around to fill in the row and 
generally leaving it about 30 inches wide, with 
an alley about 18 inches wide. This system 
has been handed down to us by our ancestors 
and is still in use. It is perhaps best on very 
poor land, or where you have reason to be- 
lieve there are white grubs. 

Our objection to it is that the plants are 
liable to form too thick and it is a serious 
task to thin them out because it injures the 
plants which are to remain. The crowded 
leaves turn their edges up so they do not have 
full exposure to sunshine. There are too many 
small berries and for want of air and sun- 
shine they do not have quality. A small berry 
has as many seeds as a large one, and since it 
is the pollen and seeds that sap the vitality of 
the plant, one big crop uses them up so the 
second and third crop cannot amount to much. 
Of course, the berries are very uneven in size 
and do not look well in the box. The pickers 




LOVETT. 

EARLY. Bi-sexual. Extra good pollenizer as it 
has such a long season of blooming, throwing a large 
amount of rich pollen. It is remarkably productive 
of dark red, rather long berries; the picture shows it 
exactly, good size and very popular in many localities, 
gaining friends as it goes. The foliage is a dark 
green with a rich glow. This is the thirteenth year 
of selection and restriction, making continuous gains 
and all growers LOVETT. 

injure the leaves more or less in pawing them 
over in hunting for the berries, and as a rule 
the last berries will be too small to pick. 

In nearly every case where the plants are 
quite thick, fully a half or a third of the ber- 
ries will be left as too small to put in the box, 
and these continue to take the resources of 
the plant. We quit the full matted row busi- 
ness 20 years ago. 

LOCATION AND VARIETIES. 

We are asked many times during the year 
to suggest varieties and we confess nothing 
is more difficult, for like choosing personal 
friends for another, we do not always know 
just what the personal tastes of the inquirers 
are. It is a little like choosing the best fellow 
or best girl for some one else. Some way we 
can't see with the same eyes nor do we have 
the same taste. To all these inquirers we 
have to say that the strawberry is the most 
universal fruit in the world. Unlike the tree 
and bush fruits, hardiness is not a factor, since 
all varieties are hardy. The finest strawber- 
ries in the world are found in Alaska, even 
near the Arctic Circle, and along the Hudson 
Bay, and the same varieties flourish in Flor- 
ida, Cuba, and Mexico, and even in South 
America, Europe and Asia. It is not fastidi- 
ous, but it does enjoy good food and generous 
tillage. It succeeds on all good garden soils 
where farm and garden vegetables will grow. 

It is true that varieties, like all other plants, 
differ in their behavior on different soils and 
methods of culture. One variety makes long 
roots and penetrates the soil deeply and will 
therefore succeed on dry land where another 
with short roots will require a heavy, na- 
turally moist soil with an extra allowance of 



19 




R. M. Rello&g's Great Crops of 




• ^ 



TENNESSEE FKOEiriC. 

EARLY. Bi-sexual. An ideal pollenizer and ex- 
tc nsively grown in nearly all localities; the latter part 
of its name is very appropriate, as it is one of the 
most productive early varieties on our list. It just 
tries to outdo all the others as a progressive berry 
grower tries to outdo his competitors, and this is a 
good disposition for both grower and varieties. Just 
such hustling sorts as the Tennessee Prolific puts 
enthusiasm into the grower. It is not fastidious 
about any particular soil; the berries are a beautiful 
bright crimson with a mild, rich flavor. The plants 
are an extra good grower, with long roots that go 
deep into the soil, enabling them to stand drouth well; 
it is also splendid for family gardens. This makes 
the seventeenth year of selections and restriction, 
which ought to be a guarantee in itself. 



food. Some varieties do have a stronger con- 
stitution, just as animals have, and will, there- 
fore, stand more hard usage. Some soils con- 
tain a certain element that one sort is espec- 
ially fond of, and this will flourish while 
another variety, not caring for that particular 
substance, would not do so well. 

There are some sorts so constitutionally 
strong in their vegetative parts and so vigor- 
ous in their seed organs, that they will do 
well under almost any circumstances, and 
these are fellows we are looking for. We call 
them well tested, and by that we mean they 
have been grown all over the country on all 
kinds of soils and under every mode of tillage, 
and yet they all show up with bounteous crops 
of delicious fruit. 

They are the safe varieties to plant largely. 
It is our business to keep tab on all these 
things and ascertain the extent to which a 
variety has been tested, and its record of fail- 
ures and successes. Every year great num- 
bers of new seedlings with testimony of their 
wonderful performances, are sent to us for 
trial, yet few stand the universal test. 

Since commencing strawberry growing over 
twenty years ago, we have tested hundreds of 
commended varieties, and out of these have 
selected fifty-four Cosmopolitan (man of the 
world), sorts and feel confident a better list 
could not be made and yet it is true that one 
grower gets very great returns, and is enthu- 
siastic over a variety while another person 
gets different results and makes another one 
his leader. 

Select the variety you hear the most gener- 
ally commended, and then select a few of sev- 
eral other sorts and try them side by side on 




•&*'- 




WOLVEETON. 

EARLY. Bi-sexual. It is a good pollenizer, 
foliage large and always looks bright and clean, is 
not fastidious about soils, and the demand for it is 
greater every yaar. 

It builds up numerous crowns and produces an 
abundance of big, bright, symmetrical berries, de- 
licious in flavor. It has few equals as a table berry, 
and with sugar and cream they are so rich they 
fairly melt in the mouth like so much chocolate 
candy; this is why it is seen in so many family 
gardens. 

It is another of the tried and true standard sorts. We 
are increasing our acreage annually, but the demand for 
our strain of selected plants always keeps ahead of the sup- 
ply. This year we have made a special effort to grow enough 
Wolvertons so that customers who send orders early will not 
be disappointed. 

This makes the fifteenth year it has been bred 
up by selection and restriction, and that is why we 
can so safely recommend it. 



your own soil, and under your own method of 
tillage, and you will soon have a favorite list 
which will guide you in the future. 

MANURING IN THE HILL. 

It may be that some plants can be manured 
in the hill, but the strawberry plant is not one 
of them; for fresh or strong manure of any 
kind is rank poison to its roots. 

If you feel the need of adding fertility put it 
a little distance from the plant and cultivate it 
in. The plant will find it as it sends its roots 
out several feet on each side of the row. If 
you could wash the soil away from a plant 
with hose so as not to break the tender feed- 
ers, you would be surprised to see how long 
they grow. 

COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS. 

These are now subject to Governmental in- 
spection, and may be relied upon and are 
therefore being more largely used every year. 
There are many grades of them, and like 
strawberry plants, the higher grades are al- 
ways the cheapest. A ton which costs twelve 
dollars is not as cheap as one costing forty 
dollars. 

The "cheap" fertilizer is mostly "filler" or 
dirt or some other substance used to make 
weight, to which is added the nitrogen, phos- 



20 




Strawberries, and Bow He Grows Them 



CKESCEJNT. 

EARLY. Pistillate. Probably the oldest berry 
in general cultivation, and is still the leader with 
many growers. A few years ago it was discarded by 
some on account of its being run out in many locali- 
ties through careless methods of propagation, but 
these same growers are taking it back, starting their 
beds with these thoroughbred plants, which show an 
increase over their old time vigor, and when con- 
fined to hedge or narrow matted row its berries are 
big enough for anyone They are a beautiful fire red, 
good shippers and splendid sellers; all these good 
points combined with its remarkable productiveness 
are what make it so profitable to those who use 
plants that are thoroughly built up in the fruit pro- 
ducing organs. Twenty years testing and selecting in 
our breeding beds, with close restrictions, makes you 
safe in setting it largely. 



phoric acid and potash, and the amount of 
these three things govern the value. The cheap 
fertilizer contains very little of these elements 
and you have to pay the freight and distribute 
two or three tons of dirt to get as much food 
as one ton of the high grade. 

Commercial fertilizers should be used in 
connection with stable manures and legumin- 
ous plants turned under in order to get humus. 
If there is plenty of humus in the soil you 
may rely on them altogether. The manufac- 
turers have given careful study to the needs of 
particular plants and furnished special formu- 
las for different crops, and all towns have their 
agents, so you can get these pamphlets free. 

It pays to use manure very liberally. There 
are three things you can safely borrow money 
to purchase and these are: Thoroughbred 
Pedigree plants containing the machinery for 
making big, red berries; and plenty of power 
to run them in the shape of manures, and good 
land. The returns of all these are bountiful 
and prompt. Use them even excessively lib- 
eral for the dividends will be ample. 

SOIL BLENDING. 

Preparing the soil for certain species of 
plants is like blending coffee; a decision upon 
the crop to be grown must be made before it 
can be prepared intelligently. The coffee 
blender finds out what is wanted by the trade, 
whether a strong or mild flavored drink, then 
goes ahead, and mixes in the different grades 
that will produce the desired flavor. We al- 




WARFIELD. 

EARLY. Pistillate. Every berry grower knows 
that this is one of the greatest market berries of its 
season on the list. For canning it is unsurpassed. 
The berries are deep blood red to center, all nearly 
the same size and true as a top, but no one ever seen 
a top half so bright and pretty as the Warfield would 
make. It is superior as a. shipper because it carries 
well and stands up in the box for days, still retaining 
that bright red color. It starts to ripen its load of 
fruit a few days after the earliest, ripening an im- 
mense picking every day for several weeks, lasting 
until Gandy starts. It is hardly necessary to men- 
tion its productiveness as everybody knows it is a 
wonder in that respect. The plants never get large 
in the propagating bed, but just keep them restricted 
to a hedge row and see them stool up; also see that 
it is properly pollenized so all the bloom will become 
fertilized and make big berries. It has had eighteen 
years of selection and close restriction and it is one 
of the kind that shows its breeding; succeeds where 
any berries will grow. 



ready have said that all plants do not have the 
same likes, and judgment must be used to get 
the proper plant foods in right proportion; 
then the results worked for are attained, con- 
sidering other conditions are equal. Well 
rotted manure is certainly one thing that 
should not be omitted, as it contains plant 
food in well balanced form, besides the chem- 
ical effect it has on the soil in assisting other 
plant foods to become available makes it es- 
pecially valuable; but with all its good qual- 
ities there is a right and wrong time to apply 
it. The ideal way is to manure the ground 
one year in advance, growing cow peas or 
some other leguminous crop to take up the 
strongest part. The potato is an excellent 
crop to grow in advance of berries, providing 
land is scarce and cannot be given up to legu- 
minous plants. When preparation cannot be 
made a year ahead we advise putting the ma- 
nures on in the winter and early spring, let- 
ting the snow and rains wash the liquids into 
the soil; then in the spring the vegetable part 
can be worked into the ground with plows 
and harrows, and if it is throughly mixed into 
the soil and made fine the effect will be almost 
equal to preparing a year in advance. 



21 




R. I. Kello&g's Great Crops of 




LADY THOMPSON. 

EARLY TO LATE Bi-sexual. Largely planted 
in the South, and it suceeds well almost everywhere 
but seems to have a preference for sandy soils. It 
is a splendid shipper, very prolific of bright red 
berries, shaped like a top and of fine quality The 
plants are rank growers, making runners freely, and 
should be grown in narrow hedge rows to get big 
bright berries. It is deep rooted and keeps on grow- 
ing right through a drought; is also a good pollen- 
izer Every year we make' selection ic shows a big 
increase in points and develops up rapidly. 

The ground never should be plowed when 
it is wet enough to paste; test first by rubbing 
it through the hands, seeing if it crumbles; 
never go deep enough to turn up any subsoil; 
remember that fineness, firmness and thor- 
oughness bring success. 

CONGENIAL MATING. 

We operate the largest strawberry experi- 
mental beds in the world, and in making ex- 
tensive experiments many discoveries are 
made, and those that are found to be of value 
are incorporated in this book for the benefit 
of fruit growers who are searching for the 
latest and most scientific methods. One item 
of much importance is that of congenially 
mating varieties. Bushels of berries are lost 
annually from improper pollenization, besides 
many more from the same cause are knotty 
and poorly developed. Immediately after the 
pistillate or female flower opens, the stigma 
is most receptive and if the male or bisexual 
which is used for the purpose of pollenation 
is of the same season and strong in potency 
of pollen the ovules will all be fertilized, fecun- 
dation taking place at once; this insures a per- 
fectly developed berry. When setting the 
plants, if this feature is neglected, it most in- 
variably happens that either the stamens or 
pistils of the flowers mature in advance of one 
or the other essential parts; for instance, the 
stamens may mature, the anthers burst and 
pollen thrown upon the pistil before the stig- 
ma has yet become receptive; then the ovules 
are not fertilized. Or, on the other hand, it 
may be that the pistil has fully matured be- 




RIDGEWAY. 

MEDIUM EARLY TO LATE. Bi-sexual, and a 
most beautiful shaped berry. They are great, big, 
bright fellows with a shiny gloss. You never get tired 
of looking at them; they are so good, the more you 
eat, the more you want. The large, round beauties 
are so smooth that they certainly present a handsome 
appearance when nicely arranged in the box. The 
plant is a thrifty grower and produces abundantly; it 
is a splendid pollenizer, being extra rich in this 
respect. Eight years of selection with careful breed- 
ing. 



fore the anthers open, thereby causing a blank 
bloom. 

Take, for instance, the Warfield, which is 
a pistillate of great value when properly han- 
dled; it has a long, flowering season and for 
best results it should be mated on one side by 
an extra early bisexual or male variety and 
on the other side by a medium season variety; 
this will furnish sufficient pollen at the right 




Effects of Imperfect Pollenization. 

time for every flower and cause perfect pol- 
lenization, thus producing the proper effect 
for a big crop of perfectly developed berries. 
A male plant that has been weakened by pol- 
len exhaustion from any cause should never 
be used for mating the female. Excessive 
breeding without restriction causes weakness 
in the vital organs of plants, the same as in 
animals. The scientific stock breeder guards 



22 




Strawberries, and How He Grows Them 




GLENN MARY. 

MEDIUM. Bl-sexual. The demand for our strain 
of plants of this variety is increasing every year, and 
it is a busy work for us to grow them in sufficient 
quantities to fill our orders every year. The Glenn 
Mary is growing in popularity everywhere and it 
would astonish us to get a bad report of it. 

On our trial grounds both here and at Covington, 
Indiana, they surprise everybody who sees them. They 
are immensely productive and in size regular Jumbos; 
they are of the deepest red, with a mild delicious 
flavor that is not soon forgotten, and the customer 
will call for it the next time; the more he eats of 
this variety the more he wants. It has no particular 
choice of soil and doesn't require any petting. 

The plants are large with strong leaf and fruit 
stems and lots of them; the long roots enables it to 
stand any reasonable drouth. It isn't necessary to 
enumerate all of the many good points of this grand 
leading variety. 

This makes the eighth year of our selecting it. 



WIEEIAM BEET. 

MEDIUM TO LATE. Bi-sexual. It still wears 
the belt for bigness, richness and beauty. It is ex- 
ceedingly productive of a large berry, the color of 
which is a bright glossy red, shaped much like the 
Bubach. The foliage is a large, light green, broad 
leaf and upright in growth. 

We have bred it up nine years by selection and 
restriction and know whereof we speak. None better 
for the family garden and it does well on any soil. 



against this more than any other branch of 
his business. This explains why some people 
succeed and why others fail. Berry growers 
who are not familiar with the principles of 
congenial mating will be furnished with in- 
formation by asking, and it is to the growers' 
interest to send their orders in early as pos- 





Strawberry Plant before Pruning. 



Strawberry Plant properly pruned, ready for setting. 



23 




SPLENDID. 

EARLY TO LATE. Bi-sexual. No one could 
possibly select a better name for this grand variety 
for it surely is splendid; also unusually productive 
of dark red berries, almost round and very smooth 
and even. It scarcely needs any grading as almost 
every one can be put in the fancy grade. The foliage 
is a rich, dark green that fairly shines. We have 
seen the berries lay so thick along the rows that 
the foliage had to stretch to cover. them all like a 
hen trying to protect her brood of chicks. We are 
not afraid to recommend the Splendid because It 
never disappoints. We started to breed it up shortly 
after its introduction, and it is now showing up 
grandly. 

sible so we can see what varieties they are 
going to set; then we can mate them intelli- 
gently and if there are any mistakes made in 
the selection it will give us time for corre- 
spondence, and the error can be corrected by 
mutual consent. 

SETTING THE PLANTS. 

We have used a number of different tools 
for setting the strawberry plants and have 
found the dibble most practical on account of 
its simplicity. It is made of steel, one-eighth 
hich thick, four inches wide and ten inches 
long, with a wood handle, as shown in cut. 
Taking it in the right hand, it is thrust into 
the soil about six inches, pressing it from you 
to make an opening, holding it there to pre- 
vent the top dirt from falling in; we then 
take the plant in left hand, giving it a quick 
motion to spread the roots, which also throws 
them down straight into the opening and 
brings each one in contact with the fine soil; 
holding the plant so the crown will be on a 
level with the top surface we withdraw the 
dibble and plunge it down two inches from the 
opening and force the soil back hard against 
the plant, at the same time pressing the dirt 
with the left hand. The work is done quickly 
and one man can easily set two thousand 
plants a day and do good work. Our men 
keep their left knee on the ground, which is 
padded with an old sack; the plants are kept 
in a tight basket with a sack thrown over the 
top to shade them. The basket is pushed 
along on the ground with the left hand while 
the dibble is kept in the other; while making 
the opening with right hand the left is getting 
a plant ready to set and not one motion lost. 
We generally employ about thirty men to set, 




PARSON'S BEAUTY. 

MEDIUM. Bi-sexu.al. A remarkable producer of 
bright red berries, firm and attractive, having yellow 
seeds that, when placed in a neat crate, shine like 
gold. The berries are conical in form and hold their 
size up to the last picking, "and as it has a long fruit- 
ing season it is a profitable variety. It is also an 
excellent canning berry. 

It is a luxuriant grower, with bright green foliage 
so highly polished it fairly glistens in the sun; it 
presents a most beautiful sight in the blooming sea- 
son, with its flood of flowers peering through and 
above its foliage. It is one of the strongest pollenizers 
among mid-season varieties for pistilate varieties of 
its season. 

It is difficult to describe a variety having as 
many good points as this one; we were enthusiastic 
over it during its first fruiting season with us, and 
after three years of careful selection we are per- 
fectly secure in our statements concerning it. You 
will make no mistake in giving it a trial. 

with our regular foreman walking behind, 
seeing that each one is doing careful and thor- 
ough work. All leaves are removed and the 
roots cut back to four inches so they will cal- 
lous where this cut is made and send out feed- 
ers, making a much heavier root system. With 
nothing to support but a crown and roots, the 
plant will start growing vigorously. It is a 
big mistake to set plants with large foliage 
and double the roots up instead of pruning 
them; no matter how favorable climatic con- 
ditions are, the plants are checked and quite 
often results in losing a big per cent of them. 
It is a heavy strain on a newly set plant to 
sustain a heavy foliage before the roots be- 
come established in the soil. Properly prun- 
ing them reduces the strain, giving the roots 
a chance to take hold of the soil and start 
feeding; then it is in a good physical condition 
to build up and support a strong, healthy 
foliage and it has a decided advantage over 
the plant which has not been pruned. 

SOIL CULTIVATION AND ITS EFFECTS. 

A thorough preparation by making the 
ground porous and spongy, with a deep plow- 
ing, which should be broken down to the sub- 
soil, is the important starting point of soil 
cultivation; the deeper you get your soil and 
the more perfectly it is fined and firmed, the 



24 




Strawberries, and How Be Grows Them 



KLONDIKE. 



MEDIUM. Bi-sexual. This is certainly the real 
Klondike. It isn't necessary to kiss your wife and 
babies good-bye and go to Alaska for riches; you 
can now have a Klondike right on your own farm that 
will mine out the pure gold without taking any 
chances. Another year has passed and it shows up 
in big, roundish berries better than ever. It is very 
prolific, the berries are large and smooth and they 
hold up in size throughout the season There is a 
great scramble for it among the Commission dealers 
on account of its firmness and reaching the market 
in such fine condition. Growers are wild over it in the 
South as well as in the North, and a large call for It 
came to us last season, several asking for fifty thou- 
sand plants, and telegrams were also received late in 
our shipping season asking if we could furnish plants 
for large acreage. This year we have a large stock 
of this grand variety priced along with our other 
standards. We have taken it through the third year 
of selection in our breeding bed; it proves to be a 
money maker in all localities. 

greater is its capacity for holding moisture. 
In the warm days of spring, when the plants 
are undergoing the strain caused by resetting, 
they need a great amount of moisture and 
hence cultivation should start at once after the 
plants are set. A dust mulch made by frequent 
cultivations will close up soil capillarity, pre- 
venting moisture from escaping; it is also effec- 
tive by bringing available plant food near the 
warm surface so the roots can take up the 
material needed to give the plants a vigorous 
growth. 

Most soils have enough plant food to produce 
a big crop of berries providing it is made avail- 
able by bringing it into a soluble condition. 
This is best done by working in vegetable mat- 
ter, incorporating it thoroughly with the soil, 
working it up fine and firm so moisture shall 
be retained to dissolve the plant foods and 
combine them with the soil grains. Clods may 
be full of plant food but it is locked up and is 
of no value until fined and dissolved by moist- 
ure. It requires five hundred times the amount 
in weight of water to build up one pound of 
solid material in plants and the roots can only 
feed by absorbing liquid solution; therefore it 
is essential that sufficient moisture be present 
at all times during the growing period. Plant 
food digestion in the soil is a process some- 
what similar to that of digestion of the animal 
stomach and too much vegetable matter or 




MONITOR. 

MEDIUM TO LATE. Ei-sexual. Introduced from 
Missouri six years ago; tried and tested at all the 
experiment stations. It is very productive, large 
berries, light color and most splendid flavor, just as 
true as a top; picture shows it exactly, an extra 
meaty berry and one of the very choicest for table 
use. Every family garden should include this one as 
they are so big; no trouble to get your company to 
stay for dinner when these are ripe. Foliage a dark 
green and a thrifty grower. Selected six years in 
breeding bed. 

humas may cause indigestion if not rightly 
distributed and evenly mixed with the soil. 
More generally indigestion of the soil is caused 
by the failure of digestive bacteria to develop, 
or the wrong kind being present. Tillage is 
one of the chief means of hastening digestion 
of plant foods and bringing them into activity. 
It is true that intensive cultivation has a ten- 
dency to burn the humus out of the soil by 
the changing and turning up repeatedly to the 
sun, and the addition of fresh supplies of 
vegetable matter must be given proportionate- 
ly to the amount of tillage. Frequent pulver- 
izing by cultivation increases soil bacteria, 
showing conclusively that a certain amount 
of cultivation is necessary in order to keep 
bacteria, moisture and plant food working 
together to get a satisfactory growth. Bac- 
teria is also increased by the introduction of 
humus in sufficient quantities to form food for 
them, and their growth is stimulated by con- 
tinuous tillage; also a better aeration given 
them by frequent cultivation as well as con- 
servation of moisture. There is some danger, 
however, of cultivating too often, bringing 
plant food into a digestive form and making it 
available faster than the plants can use it to 
good advantage, thus causing a waste. Soil 
should be cultivated as soon after each rain 
as possible, taking care not to work it until 
the top surface will crumble, repeating this in 
five or six days; afterwards every eight days 
is often enough until rain comes again. By 
these cultural methods plants can be taken 
through two months' drought without any ma- 
terial check in their growth. We find after 
the dust mulch lays eight or ten days undis- 
turbed it becomes settled, letting the mois- 



25 




MILLER. 

MEDIUM TO LATE. Bi-sexual. Of great merit, 
throws a large amount of pollen. Its popularity is 
not coming, but already here, and why shouldn't it 
be popular when it Is one of the very best of its 
season? The berries are almost round and uniform in 
shape and size, bright red color, one of the kind that 
looks as though it had been painted just to attract 
attention. Well, if it were it has accomplished the 
purpose, for no lover of nature can pass it by without 
admiring its beauty, but the beauty only tells half 
the story; the productiveness and rich flavor makes 
up the other half. It throws out an extra heavy 
foliage of a most beautiful light green, with a grace- 
ful spreading habit, and it makes numerous runners 
so the grower can train them to suit himself. The 
great contrast between the foliage of Miller and all 
other varieties on our grounds is very marked. This 
is the fourth year of selection in our breeding bed, 
showing a better record and more points of excellence 
each year. Reports of Miller from Covington trial 
bed gives it same points as here. 

ture work up so near the top that there is 
danger of waste by evaporation, the capillary- 
power becoming stronger as the per cent of 
water in the mulch increases. This is why the 
importance of frequent cultivations during a 
drouth cannot be overestimated. 

HOW DEEP TO CULTIVATE. 

We find that cultivating to a depth of three 
inches has a big advantage in conserving mois- 
ture over a less depth; it gives a thicker dust 
mulch, making it more possible to hold the 
water from getting away by evaporation. The 
top soil should be stirred at least once every 
eight days whether it rains or not; this dis- 
turbs the old mulch and replaces it with a 
fresh one. Continued cultivation through a 
drouth will check evaporation more than one- 
half. Our cultivators are so arranged that the 
tooth next to the plants is one and one-half 
inches shorter than the others, which prevents 
the danger of cutting roots; the three inch 
depth should be continued until about Septem- 
ber 1st, then shallow up a little next to plants 
but going deeper in the center. Roots come 
nearer the surface in the fall and should not be 
disturbed as this is the time of year when the 
fruit buds are forming. Keep cultivator to 
outer edge of foliage, breaking crust that 
forms near the plants with hoes; this will keep 



NICK OHMER. 

MEDIUM TO DATE. Bi-sexual. One of the very 
largest berries on the list, is a valuable variety on 
account of large size, high quality and bright red 
color; very firm, making it an extra good shipper. 
The foliage is simply handsome, such large, broad, 
thick leaves; it is easily distinguished from all others 
in the field. If it is big, bright red specimens you 
want, this will suit you. It has been bred up seven 
years in our trial grounds, making selections from 
mother plants showing highest points of excellence. 

moisture in reserve for the plants to use in 
building up their fruit bud system. We have 
never found any better tool for the strawberry 
field than the Planet, Jr., 12-tooth harrow, 
with the pulverizer attachment at the rear. We 
use it altogether and can furnish it to our cus- 
tomers at manufacturers' prices. It some- 
times happens that land is exposed to a long 
sweep of wind and when heavy winds prevail 
it will raise the dust and often throw sand 
against the plants so as to seriously injure 
them. This is prevented by large cultivator 
teeth throwing the ground up in ridges. This 
breaks the friction on the smooth surface so 
the sand cannot rise. 



*Send for our special catalog of tools. 

SPRAYING THE PROPAGATING BED. 

In propagating these thoroughbred plants 
it is our whole aim to produce the best and 
most perfectly developed plant possible, and 
in order to insure our customers the best we 
feel it our duty to use every precaution known 
to the plant breeder's art, and spraying is one 
thing we would not dare to neglect. With all 
the good effects derived from its continual 
use we wish to emphasize the fact that it is 
only a preventative and not a cure; it is done 
with the same object in view that medical 
science has in vaccination. This is done to 
make the patient immune to smallpox, while 
we spray plants to make them immune to all 
fungus attacks. Therefore it is quite essential 
to start the spray machine early enough to 
head off the enemy if there be any. We will- 
ingly admit our cowardice, and lest there 
should be an attack we start our spray ma- 
chine as soon as the plants are set, working 
on the same theory as the man who said he 



26 




NEW YORK. 

MEDIUM TO LATE. Bi-sexual. A strictly fancy 
berry and a prize winner; it is simply grand, one of 
cur pets. The berries are all big, bright red fel- 
lows that sell at first sight. It has a lasting flavor 
that wins customers, and is just the kind to make 
the berry grower famous. Small, inferior berries have 
no show beside the New York no matter how cheap 
they are; it is very prolific, with a long season of 
ripening. It has a most luxuriant foliage of light 
green, and when loaded with its big, bright colored 
berries it is such a grand sight that it wins friends 
wherever grown. The plants from this variety have 
been selected in our breeding bed five years, and its 
behavior is the same at our Covington trial beds. 

always fired his revolver two or three times 
from the window each night to scare any 
burglar that might chance to be prowling 
around, admitting that he would rather be 
called a coward than to get licked. Different 
methods must be followed than those used in 
the orchard, inasmuch as the strawberry is 
continually making new plants. To make sure 
that every leaf is kept copper plated the ma- 
chine is kept busy nearly all the time, using 
Bordeaux mixture with seven ounces of Paris 
green to each fifty gallons; this amount of 
arsenite can only be used when the Paris 
green is dissolved with lime while slacking it; 
this neutralizes the acid completely and avoids 
the danger of burning the foliage; otherwise 
we could only use four ounces to each barrel. 
We want to make it strong enough in the 
arsenite so if any leaf eating insect should put 
in its appearance it would only be necessary 
to feed it one meal. It is our aim to be very 
sociable, but we are too busy to entertain 
any one of the insect family. In starting the 
spray machine immediately after the plants 
are set, Bordeaux mixture with Paris green 
is used twice; after the second time we follow 
with liver of sulphur spray as a protection 
from fungi of the mildew class, using this 
after every two sprayings of the Bordeaux 
mixture. We do not care to have anything 
in the nature of fungi or insects tampering 
with the lungs and stomach (foliage) of our 
plants, as it requires a healthy, vigorous foli- 
age to digest the food, breathe in car- 
bonic acid gas and pump up moisture to 



UP-TO-DATE. 

MEDIUM TO LATE. Bi-sexual. Quite hardy in 
blossom, very prolific of light red berries of high 
quality, and a most splendid family variety, as the 
fruit is rich and meaty. The foliage is light green 
with a large, long leaf, with long stems which pro- 
tects both bloom and berries from frost and hot sun. 
This is the 9th year of selection from ideal fruiters. 

keep all machinery of the plant working har- 
moniously, which builds up a well balanced 
and perfectly developed plant. We are so 
thoroughly convinced of the merits of spray- 
ing that we have equipped our farm with an 
entire new outfit, consisting of a building 
20x40 feet, which is located in the center of 
the farm, a drive well with force pump which 
throws the water direct into the spray barrel, 
a stove for heating water to slack the lime, 
a power machine having a gearing on the axle 
which operates the pump, giving even pres- 
sure all the time, thus covering every plant 
evenly with a perfect mist; also mixing barrels 
and scales. Everything is so convenient that 
one man sprays eighty acres in three days. 
We have never urged the berry growers to 
spray their fruiting beds where they use 
healthy plants that have been thoroughly 
sprayed in the propagating bed, and yet we 
admit that if they would continue the spraying 
in the fruiting bed it would lessen any danger 
of attack. Whether spraying is kert up or 
not by the grower, we do advise that they 
mow off the leaves after first fruiting season 
and when they are dry burn the entire field 
over when the wind is blowing briskly, so as 
to drive the fire over quickly; then there is no 
danger of injuring the crowns. (See article 
on treating the old bed.) 

SPRAY RECEIPTS. 

For one barrel of Bordeaux mixture: 

4 lbs. lime slacked in 4 gals, hot water. 

4 lbs. blue vitrol dissolved in 4 gals, water. 

7 ounces Paris green and 1 pound good un- 
slacked lime. 

Put the Paris green on the lime and slack 
with enough hot water to cover well. Mix as 
follows: Put 10 gallons of water in the barrel, 
to which add the 4 gallons of blue vitrol solu- 
tion and another 10 gallons of water, then the 
4 gallons of lime solution and 10 gallons more 



27 




R. H. Rello&g's Great Crops of 



SENATOR DUNLAP. 

MEDIUM TO LATE. Bi-sexual, and an extra 
strong pollenizer. This is the seventh year of selec- 
tion in our breeding bed and we continue to get more 
enthusiastic over it each season. In giving the de- 
scriptions of it each year we never made them as 
strong as we felt it deserved, and after seeing it in 
fruit another time we can't hold back any longer. 
The fruit Is large, rich and dark red, clear to the 
center, with a very rich flavor; berries are so even 
that they very seldom need any sorting and exceed- 
ingly prolific. The plants are a beautiful deep green 
with long leaf stems and roots that penetrate the 
soil so deep it would take a long drouth to check them 
from developing the big load of berries; Its runners 
form freely, and when kept in narrow rows they 
stool up wonderfully, making crowns by the dozen; 
is at home in all localities and on all soils. Just take 
a long look at the picture; it shows its size and 
shape; now add the high color and rich flavor and 
isn't it a perfect beauty? 

of water; next add the solution of Paris green 
and lime and sufficient water to make 50 gal- 
lons. By mixing in this way the solution will 
not curdle, nor should the materials be put to- 
gether till they are wanted for use. For less 
amounts, say 10 gallons, use correspondingly 
less amounts of blue vitrol, lime, Paris green 
and water. 

The solution of liver of sulphur (potassium 
sulphide), an effectual remedy for mildew, is 
readily prepared by dissolving a half ounce 
of the sulphur in one gallon of water. 

GROWING STRAWBERRIES TO ORDER. 

"Growing big crops of fancy berries is like 
any other business: one must become enthusi- 
astic and love the' work, be up-to-date and 
progress with the times, never following any- 
one that is a failure, but rather choose for a 
pattern those who have won an enviable repu- 
tation. To become the master of any work 
it is necessary to have an instructor who has 
become an expert specialist in the particular 
work chosen, and the study of the strawberry 
is no exception to this rule. In growing this 
best of all fruits, one must keep in mind that 
there are many different varieties, each one 
possessing a habit and disposition of its own; 
and to accomplish ideal results it must be 
handled accordingly. An expert horse trainer 
would handle each horse according to its own 
peculiar disposition; he would not attempt to 




HAVERLAND. 

MEDIUM. Pistillate. The berry of all berries 
for productiveness, and a great money maker. Don't 
forget to mulch them for the fruit stems are not 
able to hold the load of berries up from the ground, 
and the straw will keep them clean. They are large, 
long, conical, and a bright crimson color. The pick- 
ers all get happy when they get into the Haverland 
patch; you can't see them move, but just sit down 
and keep filling the boxes, slipping one of the big 
juicy fellows in their mouths occasionally, not a 
word is spoken, everybody down to business Time is 
money while picking Haverlands. It has a good 
foliage, making runners freely, and sets large strong 
plants. 

Remember we have been breeding it up for 
fifteen years and now have it near our ideal. It is a 
great favorite and succeeds everywhere. We have 
never had enough of these plants to fill our orders. 
This year our acreage is more than doubled. 

handle a nervous, ambitious animal in the same 
manner as one of a quiet nature, any more 
than he would handle a trotter the same way 
as a heavy draft horse; nor would he feed 
them on the same class of grain. He first 
studies the habits and likings of each particu- 
lar horse then goes ahead and trains it to be 
valuable for the particular work to which it is 
best adapted. And right here is a valuable 
lesson for the strawberry grower. The habits 
of each variety should be closely studied in 
order to discover its likes and dislikes, then 
proceedings can be carried out intelligently. 
To make this important branch of the business 
plain, we will give an illustration, using the 
Clyde and Gandy, as their habits of growth are 
opposite. In breeding up the Clyde, we choose 
a mother plant possessing the disposition of a 
strong foliage habit, throwing up lots of long 
leaf stems, continually breeding for a perfect 
balance in foliage and fruit, giving sufficient 
attention to other features to keep them to the 
normal standard. In preparing soil for a 
Clyde fruiting bed large quantities of fertilizers 
rich in nitrogen are used, and well-rotted 
stable manure furnishes this in the best pro- 
portion with the aid of stimulants at the 
proper time. All manures should be thor- 
oughly incorporated with the soil. Rows are 
marked out three and one-half feet apart and 



28 




Strawberries, and How Be Grows Them 




ENORMOUS. 

MEDIUM TO LATE. Pistillate. It is certainly 
enormous and is a heavy producer; berries are al- 
ways large and bright red, about the same type as 
Bubach, and good quality, sound and meaty to the 
core; seems to be at home on all soils The foliage is 
very large and a perfect type, growing tall, making 
ample protection for both bloom and berries, whi h 
is a point to be considered in any berry In breeding 
up plants we score the foliage and habit of growth 
by points the same as the crowns and berries, and 
the Enormous is now going through the tenth year 
of selection and restriction. Therefore w-e are not 
afraid to stand by it. 



the plants set .every twenty-four inches, allow- 
ing each one to make four new sets, layering 
them zig-zag to form a double hedge row; 
this gives each one an abundance of sun and 
air, also assists the foliage in furnishing pro- 
tection for the big load of berries. Intensive 
cultivation and hoeing is given them until 
quite late in the fall; this forces a vigorous 
growth of foliage and at the same time holds 
the fruit buds in check, preventing them from 
over-balancing other parts of the plant. Culti- 
vation is continued until light freezes occur, 
when they are covered with a good mulching 
of straw, corn stalks or coarse litter; by fur- 
nishing this protection early, the foliage is 
kept in good condition to start up a vigorous 
growth in the spring. This mulching is parted 
directly over the row as soon as growth starts 
the next spring and a dressing of nitrate of 
soda given them, using forty pounds to the 
acre, scattering it along the plants before a 
rain, which dissolves it and they take it up at 
once; this feed lasts until the buds form, when 
the application is repeated, using same amount. 
In living this stimulant in two doses it builds 
up a much heavier foliage, keeping a continu- 
ous growth to mature the big load of berries, 
at the same time preventing any danger of 
causing the fruit to be soft, as would be the 
case if given to them in one feed. It is pos- 
sible to over feed plants, just the same as ani- 




KANSAS. 

MEDIUM. Pistillate. It has an extra hardy 
bloom and is very productive of high quality berries, 
which are dark red clear through; this is just about 
the reddest berry we ever saw. They are medium to 
large and high quality; it is a money maker when 
mated with the right bi-sexual variety, and there are 
many on our list that mate it perfectly. The plant 
is extremely vigorous, with long roots that keep it 
continually growing rain or no rain, and it always 
gets there right on time with its load of berries It 
has been tested at the Covington, Indiana, trial bed 
and shows up grandly there same as here. Every- 
where it has been tested we are getting good reports. 
It has been under strict test on our trial bed since its 
introduction, this making the eighth year of selec- 
tion. 



mals, and to overdo it in either case is bad 
practice and always results in a loss. 

Now, to attempt growing the Gandy under 
the same cultural methods as the Clyde would 
not result in a full measure of success, inas- 
much as its habits and likes are contrary to 
this variety, it being deficient in fruit produc- 
tion but throwing its energies more to foliage. 
The ideal mother plant of the Gandy variety, 
showing a heavy crown building tendency is 
the one chosen, productiveness being the prin- 
cipal point in mind; working along opposite 
lines to those followed in breeding up the 
Clyde, though having the same aim in view, a 
proper balance in foliage and fruit, holding 
back the one and building up the other. In 
preparing the soil for a Gandy fruiting bed, 
nitrogenous fertilizers are avoided, using prin- 
cipally those rich in phosphoric acid and pot- 
ash; using liberally pf finely ground bone meal 
and muriate of potash, working in enough 
humus to make soil bacteria active. This forces 
the development of fruit buds rather than 
stimulating foliage. In setting the Gandy, 
they are put thirty inches apart in the row on 
account of making long runners before forming 
sets. Each mother plant is allowed to make 
six sets, spreading them out to give each one 
plenty of room to do heavv work; they can 
stand thicker in the row than Clyde because 



39 




R. I. Kellogg's Greal Crops of 



«y^'^ 





HERO. 

MEDIUM TO LATE. Bi-sexual. A most vigorous 
grower and a reliable variety; a Hero in every re- 
spect, very prolific of bright red, firm berries of good 
quality and especially fine flavor. This is another good 
variety to use as a pollenizer and it seems to do well 
on all soils; the foliage is a rich dark green with 
long leaf always looking bright and clean. The call 
for it last year was double that of any previous sea- 
son, and we hope to see it more largely tested this 
year It has been selected five years in our breeding 
bed and we feel free to recommend it. 

they do not make so many crowns, and by in- 
creasing the number of plants the number of 
fruit buds are also increased, providing judg- 
ment is used in not allowing them to set too 
thickly. Air and sun must never be overlooked 
as they play an important part. Much atten- 
tion is given to increasing the potency of pol- 
len of this grand variety, keeping this in mind 
through its breeding with the aim both to in- 
crease and strengthen it, as past experience 
has proved that it is deficient in this respect. 
Until we get it nearer perfection in this point 
we urge growers to use Aroma every fourth 
row or some other good variety of its season, 
to furnish pollen for any bloom that might be 
lacking in this respect. Cultivation is discon- 
tinued much earlier than on the Clyde, the last 
one being given from the ist to 15th of Sep- 
tember, according to the season, going deep 
enough at this time to sever a few roots which 
will check the growth of foliage and force its 
energies to forming fruit buds. This is what 
we must have to insure a big crop of berries. 
The same differences exist in all other varie- 
ties and the question of soil and location is not 
so much to be considered as in knowing their 
habits and getting them under full control. 
This is what we call scientific culture, or mak- 
ing strawberries to order." 

The above article, prepared by our Mr. F. E. Beatty 
for a fruit journal, received the distinction of being 
quoted in the Government Experiment Station Rec- 
ords of the Department of "Agriculture, Vol. xv., No. 
7, page 678, being accepted as authority. 

THE TIME TO LAYER RUNNERS. 

There is always a right time when every- 
thing should be done, and we find that the 
berry grower who is doing everything at the 
right time in the right way is the one who is 
making, money. Setting the runners at the 
right time is just as important as any of the 




DOWNING'S BRIDE. 

MEDIUM TO LATE. Pistillate. We were ex- 
tremely enthusiastic over this variety last year, but 
wanted to give it at least one more year's test and 
selection before giving our final opinion. Now we 
know whereof we speak, and it is certainly one of 
the most beautiful berries we have ever seen; so 
pretty and glossy that even a sight of it through the 
fence makes the mouth water. Almost any young 
man would give all he has for a bride as handsome 
and sweet as Downing's Bride; its value is not alone 
in its beauty, for the big berries lay in windrows 
around the plants. It has a large, broad leaf, making 
a heavy foliage, which droops over just enough to 
shade the berries from the hottest sun rays, and 
sends out long runners before forming the nodes, and 
so does not set its plants close together, even when 
let run at will Three years under selection and re- 
striction in our breeding bed with the price so rea- 
sonable makes us safe in recommending this variety 
so highly; it was tested at our Covington, Indiana, 
trial bed with same results as here. 

other work connected with berry growing. 
The physical condition of the mother plant 
should be considered and if any weakness is 
shown from any cause, remove the first run- 
ners; this will throw more strength to the 
mother plant and give her a chance to out- 
grow the weakness and develop power to pro- 
duce strong offsprings as it is now a settled 
fact that like begets like. All mother plants 
that have a thrifty growth will send out plants 
of the same strength and their first runners 
can be layered. One must decide what system 
is going to be followed, then layer the run- 
ners accordingly. For instance, to grow the 
single hedge system the runners should be 
layered directly in the row about seven inches 
apart; to form the double hedge, layer them 
zigzag, allowing each mother plant to make 
four sets instead of two; simply place the 
runner where you want it, then put dirt just 
back of the node: this will hold it in place and 
also retains moisture, which will greatly assist 
the forming of roots. They will penetrate the 
soil and start feeding at once, thus lessening 
the strain on the mother plant from which 
they draw nourishment until their roots are 
well fixed in the ground. It isn't necessary to 
sever xtheir connection from the mother plant, 
as nature provides for this by the runner wire 
gradually withering away. The strawberry 
plant gets its nourishment from the mother 
plant by a process somewhat similar to the 



30 




PRIDE OF MICHIGAN. 

MEDIUM TO LATE. Bi-sexual. And this is a 
wonderful variety as sure as you live. We have been 
testing and selecting this grand variety for three 
years, and this year were elated with its behavior. 
Turn to page 11 and see the picture, which shows 
it when in bloom in our fruiting bed. It was fairly 
a sea of bloom and every blossom made a big red 
berry. 

We do not need to mention that the foliage is 
large, as the picture shows that. The berries are a 
bright red, of beautiful form and firm; it is exceed- 
ingly productive and has a long season with the last 
picking almost as big as the first; it is rich in flavor 
and an ideal berry in every respect. A few cents 
difference in price cuts no figure with such a berry. 
Wo have not mentioned this favorite before, but just 
kept selecting and propagating until all variations 
were eliminated, and now we take pride in adding it 
to our list. 

calf's getting its nourishment from the cow. 
We all know that it is next to an impossibility 
to fatten a cow with the calf depending upon 
her; so it is impossible for a plant to develop 
up a big crown system with a large family of 
runners flopping about on top of the ground, 
continually drawing upon the mother plant 
for their sustenance, by having no roots to 
feed from the soil. So you can readily see the 
importance of assisting the runner plants to 
take root as soon as the node forms. Never 
overtax the mother plants by allowing them to 
set too many runners after the row is formed 
to suit your ideal; keep all the rest off; this 
will aid both mother and young plants to build 
up a big crown system. Every runner re- 
moved gives the mother plant one more boost. 
We know it takes a little courage to break off 
strong, promising runners, but it is like thin- 
ning the peach, plum, apple tree, etc., it must 
be done to get the best quality of plants and 
fruit and the most of them. 

WINTER . PROTECTION. 

The strawberry plant is among the hardiest 
fruit plants grown, and yet there is none that 
pays better for its winter protection. 



SUTHERLAND. 

MEDIUM TO LATE. Pistillate. Prolific as War- 
field, and the berries are fully as large; bright red to 
the centre, firm and good quality, doesn't vary in 
size, but holds out with nice berries to the last pick- 
ing. They hold their rich, lustrous color for days 
after being picked, but just place them nicely in the 
box and they won't get a chance to keep for several 
days. People are too hungry for bright red berries to 
allow them to set around long. The foliage is dark 
green of the rich shiny type and large . enough to 
develop up a big crop of berries. After three years of 
breeding and selecting from ideal mother plants we 
see nothing to prevent its becoming a favorite. 

It is not freezing that injures the plants, 
but when it freezes every night and a bright 
sun shines the next day it thaws and then 
the ground contracts and pulls the plants up, 
often straining or breaking the roots. If 
they are shaded with a light covering they will 
not thaw out on these bright days, but remain 
frozen solid, and when a long warm spell does 
come the frost dissolves on the under side of 
the frozen part first, so the plants cannot be 
injured. 

Old staw or cornstalks, if easily obtained, 
will do, and swale hay is also very fine. 
Leaves are apt to pack down and smother 
the plants if used too thickly, but they can be 
used between the rows and a lighter material 
or lighter covering of leaves be used on the 
crowns. Stable manure will do between the 
rows. It some times starts a weed growth, 
but they are easily disposed of. It must never 
be put on until after the ground freezes hard 
enough to enable a team to walk over it or so 
wheels will not break through. If put on early 
and a warm spell follows it would make the 
plants bleach and become tender. Slight freez- 
ing when the earth is not frozen deep will do 
no harm, as the foliage prevents it from thaw- 
ing fast. , 

Always mulch your propagating bed. Put 
it on thin early, and when the ground is frozen 
deep put on more so the ground will not thaw 
out early and keep the plants cold and dormant 
until you can have time to fit your ground. 
The roots callous during the winter and get 
ready to send out new roots when it comes 
warm, and so a dormant plant will start off 
vigorously. 

Never risk your money on any plant grower 
who does not mulch his plants. This matter 
is so important that he would not fail to call 
attention to it in his catalog if he did so, and 



31 




R. M. Kello&g's Great Crops of 




PRESIDENT. 

LATE PISTILLATE. A president that is neither 
a Republican, Democrat nor Socialist, but is a great 
favorite with all parties. We hope that the man who 
is elected will have as many good points as this presi- 
dent has and' will perform his duty as well. This one 
certainly has a good paientage, the Crescent crossed 
with Nick Ohmer. It combines size, quantity and 
quality in one, has a large leathery foliage, is an 
erect grower, holding it^ load of big berries well up 
to protect them from the dirt. The berries are a 
clear, bright red with such aromatic flavor that they 
are just the kind to serve with stems. They build up 
crowns as large as any we have ever seen, and it 
surely is an abundant producer of such a high quality 
that they always bring the top price. We have had 
it two years under selection, watching all points 
closely and the good ones are many. 





CHALLENGE. 

MEDIUM. Bi-sexual, and a grand variety; big 
enough for a show berry, pretty as a Queen, and sweet 
enough without sugar, with a color that is dark red 
to the very center. The picture shows it exactly, not 
so uniform and smooth as some, but the size, color 
and rich flavor will make customers beg for them at 
almost any price. They fruit abundantly for such 
a large berry: don't be afraid to set this variety 
largely, for your customers are going to feel cross 
if they don't get enough. They make large, vigorous 
plants that root deep and are able to get an abundance 
of moisture to develop up the big crop of berries. 
The foliage is pretty, having a waxy appearance that 
makes a glossy shiny streak across the field that you 
never get tired looking at. Our books show the third 
year of selection, and it shows business by stooling up 
readily. 



plants that have not been mulched during a 
hard winter are dear at any price. 

Plants may live and bear fruit fairly well ii 
not disturbed on sandy soil when not mulched, 
because new roots will start from the crown, 
but when it freezes and thaws it will break 
the roots and then when taken up they will 
fail and' leave long vacant spaces in your field 
for you to cultivate for nothing, which takes 
the "cheapness" out of the "cheap" plants. 
"Plants that grow" are plants that have been 
mulched, and the same thing holds good 
when a nurseryman wants you to "save 
money" on plants. See that stock ordered has 
been properly developed, sprayed and mulched. 




THE BERRY TICKET PUNCH. 

This punch wil cost the berry grower about 35c; 
it can be purchased at almost any hardware store, 
and if not kept in stock the merchant will gladly 
send for one. It will last a lifetime and is almost in- 
dispensable on the berry farm as it will save enough 
mistakes in one day to pay for itself twice over. 




THE PICKERS' STAND. 

These can easily be made by any berry grower. 
Simply get a bunch of common lath and some strips 
one inch square, which is used for the legs; cut these 
strips up into pieces about 8 inches long, then cut the 
lath about 12% inches long, the size of quart 
boxes you use will determin the length of lath; you 
want them large enough to hold four quarts, allowing 
enough room so the boxes will go in and out easily; 
nail the lath to the legs, also two cross strips to nail 
the bottom to; then take a strip of tough hickory or 
elm and bend over for the handle, any piece that can 
be bent will do, or you can nail two straight strips 
up the sides and one across the top, which will make 
a good handle; it will pay to make them strong. One 
man can easily carry four of these stands full of 
berries at one time. 



32 




Strawberries, and Bow He Grows Them 



ARIZONA. 

EARLY, MEDIUM AND LATE, AND ALL THE 
TIME. Bi-sexual. This is the great California ever- 
bearing, it develops its buds at any time and keeps 
right on setting new buds and ripe ones forming at 
the same time. As a rule, everbearing sorts have not 
been successful in the East, but it has been widely 
tested and we feel like offering it to customers who 
love berries all the fall. It comes the nearest being 
everbearing of any variety of this class we have ever 
tested, and it will be a good ini^tment to add a few- 
plants of this one to your list. The berries are large, 
very rich in flavor, and lots of them. The foliage ;s 
large, with an upright growth, and extra dark in 
color; it has a wonderful crown building power. This 
is the third year of selection in our breeding beds us- 
ing mother 'plants which show the stronyesi ever- 
bearing habit. 



4 I 4 



4 ,mjh 



R. M. KELLOGG CO. 

STRAWBERRY GROWERS 

THREE RIVERS, MICH. 



4 I 4 



BERRY PICKERS' TICKET. 

This is the most satisfactory way for both 
berry picker and grower to keep tally of the 
number of quarts picked by each one every 
day. It is almost impossible to make a mis- 
take, as each picker has his ticket suspended 
by a string to a button or around the neck, 
and the one in charge of the pickers carries a 
punch and is the only one allowed to accept 
berries from them. He gives credit on their 
ticket by punching out the number of quarts 
received. They are then taken to the packing 
house by a man employed for that purpose, 
who also keeps the pickers supplied with emp- 
ties, thus avoiding any confusion. Each ticket 
has ioo quarts and when it is all canceled the 
foreman gives the picker a new one. These 
tickets are retained by the pickers until pay 
day then they are presented to the grower 




AROMA. 

LATE. Bi-sexual, and one of the very best pol- 
lenizers for late varieties. Read the description 
carefully and see if it don't suit you. It is an ideal 
berry, quite large, roundish, very true and even, 
bright glossy color, with a flavor that always whets 
the appetite to call for more. It is a good shipper 
and it always sells at sight. 

The foliage has such a bright clean color that it 
attracts the visitor's attention. The plants stool 
close to the ground, having the spreading habit, which 
lets the sunbeams play upon the big crowns, keeping 
them vigorous so every berry is brought to perfection. 
There is always a great demand for big late berries 
at high prices, and right here is where the profits 
come in. Every commercial grower and family garden 
should have the earliest and the latest varieties, keep- 
ing the trade and table supplied continually. Don't 
be afraid to set Aroma largely; it succeeds every- 
where. It has always been difficult for us to grow 
enough plants to fill our orders, and so our acreage 
of this variety has been increased in order to be pre- 
pared for the rush next spring. This is the thirteenth 
year of selection, and it is now good enough for 
anybody. 



for payment. If one cent a quart is paid each 
canceled ticket is worth $i.oo, so there is no 
figuring to do, simply count the tickets each 
picker presents and the number represents 
the same number of dollars. These tickets are 
kept by the growers as a receipt and at the 
end of each season he can tell in a few minutes 
just how many quarts each one picked; also 
how many quarts was picked on his farm and 
the cost of picking through the entire season. 
The expense of foreman and other help is kept 
in a book. Any printer can make these tickets 
for you, printing your own name on them; 
the cost is about $2.00 per thousand. The 
mistakes and time saved by their use will more 
than pay their cost. 

MANAGING BERRY PICKERS. 

In managing a force of berry pickers it is 
just as essential to have a perfect system as it 
is in managing a lot of employees in a factory 
or anywhere else. We find that good, careful 
women make the best pickers; they are much 
neater about their work than men or boys and 
are easier handled. Have a thorough under- 
standing with each one. stating just what is 
expected of her and what she can expect if the 
rules are not closely followed out. This can 
be done in a kind way and in the end be help- 



33 



R. M. Kellogg's Great Crops of 








BRANDYVV1NE. 

LATE. Bi-sexual, with an unquestioned reputa- 
tion. It just seems that people can't get enough of 
these, and our stock of plants are always sold out 
before the orders are filled; a big increase in acre- 
age this year will make everybody safe if their order 
is sent in at a reasonable time. The berries are large, 
deep blood red to the center, a flavor peculiar to itself 
and one of the best canning berries of all the late 
varieties. It is wonderfully productive and holds its 
fruit well up from the ground, seems to succeed every- 
where, is very popular and a splendid late sort for the 
family garden. The plants are extra large with tall 
foliage, each plant building up a number of crowns. 
This makes the twelfth year it has been selected In 
our breeding bed. Every plant is strong and well 
developed for heavy work. 

ful to employer and employee. Their names 
should be recorded and each one given a num- 
ber so that errors or bad work can be easily 
traced to the one who did it. A good foreman 
should be in the field at all times. Twenty- 
five pickers are enough for one foreman to 
look after; he should carry a punch and each 
picker should have a ticket to keep talley of all 
the berries picked during the day, which is 
done by the foreman punching out the number 
of quarts he received from each picker. The 
growers should have it understood that all 
employees must arrive on the farm by a cer- 
tain hour so the entire force can be started to 
work at the same time. No picking should be 
done while dew is on or when they are wet 
from rain, unless they are sold and going to be 
used at once; berries will hold up better and 
look much brighter if picked dry, and this 
must be done if they are to be shipped. The 
foreman should examine the berries carefully 
before accepting them and if found picked 
and graded according to orders, the amount 
should be punched in the ticket and the pick- 
er's number put on the boxes before sending 
to the packing house. One good man should 
be employed to carry the berries to the packers 
for every 25 pickers. This gives the fore- 
man all his time to devote to the pickers, go- 
ing from one to another continually, keeping 
close watch and seeing that no berries are 
picked without stems or any left on the vines 
that are ripe enough to pick; also that each 
one is properly grading her berries, which is 
done by putting all small and poorly shaped 
berries in a separate box from the fancies. 
Grading in the field saves re-handling at the 




BISMARK. 

LATE. Bi-sexual. This variety is a strong .jne 
in both vegetative growth and fruiting, and is an 
exceptionally strong pollenizer. The berries are a 
light yellowish red, entirely different in color from 
any other variety. The shape is almost round, flat- 
tening some at the end; it is exceedingly productive 
in good soil of large size berries. 

The foliage can hardly be distinguished from 
that of Bubach, and it is a perfect mate for that 
variety, both blooming at the same time. 

This is the eleventh year our plants have been 
bred from ideal fruiters, so you can rely on the 
stock. 



packing house; all the packers have to do is 
to tip each box enough to see that the berries 
in the bottom are the same as on the top, then 
they are nicely and neatly faced by turning 
the stems down; this makes them show up in 
the box like so much gold, and adds wonder- 
fully to their attractiveness. If the inspector 
at the packing house finds anything wrong 
with the berries, the picker's number is found 
on the boxes, which makes easy and quick 
work tracing it to the right party and orders 
are sent out to the field foreman to see that 
this picker does better work. Bv this system 
of numbering, each picker is placed upon her 
own responsibility and there is no chance for 
her to lay the blame of poor work on an inno- 
cent party as the numbers tell who is doing 
good or bad work; this creates an interest and 
each one tries to get through the day without 
having any poor work marked against her. 
The foreman should be a gentleman, courteous, 
but firm, having full control of every employee 
under his supervision. No profanity or loud 
talking should be tolerated and visitors should 
not be allowed in the field to detract the 
pickers' attention, as this makes confusion. 
Everybody should quit work for dinner at the 
same time and a good long rest should be 
given them at noon with a certain hour desig- 
nated to begin work after dinner. Straw- 
berries should be packed immediately after 
they are picked, care being taken to have them 
same all through, not allowing any larger ber- 
ries on top than are in the bottom; as soon as 
they are packed place carefully in the crate and 
if to be shipped, a good grade of wax paper 
should be placed over the entire top of crate 
before the lid is nailed on; this excludes air 
and light from striking the berries and they 
will hold up better and retain a bright color 
much longer. We have thoroughly tested the 



34 




GANDY. 

LATE. Bl-sexual. There are not many growers 
who haven't tried Gandy, as it is one of the oldest 
now in cultivation, and when grown on thoroughbred 
plants, that are free from all taint of exliaustion, it 
is productive and very profitable. The price is always 
high for such big berries of bright color and rich 
flavor. This is another of Beatty's pets at Coving- 
ton, where it is grown on thoroughbred plants, under 
an entirely different method of culture from all others 
with results that has created new life and enthusiasm 
in growing this grand berry. Twenty years of selection. 

wax paper and it is a wonderfully big help in 
getting the berries to a distant market in a 
fresh and bright condition; it adds so much to 
the general appearance, showing the grower 
is up-to-date. The cost is less than one-third 
of a cent for each crate. Any wholesale paper 
company can furnish and cut it to fit any size 
crate. Berries attractively displayed are half 
sold. 

THE IMPORTANCE OF A LABEL. 

The principal reason for having an attrac- 
tive label is to insure purchasers that they are 
getting what they pay for. No manufacturer 
would think of putting his goods on the mar- 
ket without a label or trademark to designate 
them from those of other makers in the same 
line. If the housewife wants a high grade 
baking powder she calls for some certain 
brand, like Royal or Dr. Price's. The manu- 
facturer adopted these names and had them 
trademarked, placing one on each can so their 
goods may be distinguished from other makes, 
cautioning the consumers to beware of imita- 
tions; for either of these firms to discontinue 
using their label, sending the goods out in a 
plain can, would mean ruination to their busi- 
ness. Every plow, wagon or machine of any 
kind bears the manufacturer's name or trade- 
mark. The only way in which any large busi- 
ness can be permanently built up is by adopt- 
ing a name for the products sent out, contin- 
ually keeping this name before the people and 
protecting it by retaining the quality to a high 
standard of excellence. Any article sells bet- 



dobnan. 



LATE. Bi-sexual, and a winner sure enough. 
Just look at the picture and imagine them piled on 
top of each other in the row, with a most beautiful 
foliage for a back ground! And think of the richest 
and sweetest fruit you ever tasted. Now you can bet- 
ter understand the discription of this grand berry as 
we give it. They are great big, deep scarlet fellows, 
shining in the box like diamonds, so good and sweet 
that a boy can eat» until his skin is bursting tight and 
never get the stomach ache. The berries are extra large 
and vary just enough in shape to make them show 
attractively in the box. Let the customer taste before 
you name the price and they won't kick if you are a 
few cents higher on the quart than other growers; 
and don't forget that it is a good shipper and has a 
long season of ripening. The foliage is large with a 
good leaf, the roots run down deep, bringing up 
plenty of moisture to keep everything moving. This 
is the 6th year of selection from ideal ancestors. The 
report from the Covington farm corresponds with this 
and everything is in its favor. 

ter and brings a higher price when it is guar- 
anteed to be of high quality, so long as this 
guarantee is backed by an honorable and re- 
sponsible party. There are many reasons why 
all progressive strawberry growers should have 
labels as well as the manufacturers. They 
should educate the people to call for their 
brand, and the berries should be honestly 
packed and so well arranged that the first trial 
will convince purchasers of their merits, and 
they will call for this brand and won't be 
satisfied with any others. One great mistake 
that many growers are making is in filling the 
boxes with small berries and topping them 
off with large ones. This is cheating them- 
selves more than anyone else. Such men as 
this do not dare to use a label, as it is to their 
interest to keep the purchasers ignorant of 
the grower. But, as the trite saying is, "mur- 
der will out," and no man can adopt a quicker 
or more effectual way to kill his business. If 
we wish to continue our triteness we would 
say, with the great Lincoln: "You can fool all 
the people part of the time, and part of the 
people all the time, but you can't fool all the 
people all the time." Just imagine yourself 
buying a box of berries with large, fancy ones 
on top, and when pouring them out in a dish 
find the majority small and second grade fruit 



35 




R. M. Kello&g's Great Crops of 




MARSHALL. 



MAXIMUS. 



LATE. Bi-sexual. Loved by everybody on account 
of its enormous size, blood red color and rich aroma- 
tic flavor, peculiar to itself This is another of the 
good old stand-bys with which we have never been 
able to fill the demands for its plants It is a winner 
at all exhibitions and has taken more first premiums 
at the Boston shows than any other variety. It is 
strictly a fancy berry, and will t#ke care of itself on 
the market; it does not produce as many berries in 
number as some others, but the immense size makes 
up in filling the quarts. The fancy grocers are al- 
ways delighted to get them on account of the fruit 
being such a rich dark red, with a gloss that is 
bound to attract the passers by. It is scarcely ever 
mis-shapen. 

The plant is very large with an extra broad thick 
leaf, has a good appetite, and will do heavier work if 
given plenty of rich food. It is now being taken 
through its eleventh year of selection. 



It's quite likely that the telephone would be 
kept busy between your house and the fellow's 
who sold you the berries, and we wouldn't 
like to quote the language the wire would 
carry back and forth, as it is quite probable 
there would be a little sulphur in the air. 
The safest and most profitable road for the 
berry grower to take is the GOLDEN RULE 
ROUTE. 

Roland Morril, America's noted peach 
grower, is one of the most successful horti- 
culturists of the country; every package of 
fruit that leaves his famous farms in Mich- 
igan and in Texas bears his label, and his un- 
disputed reputation has made his fruits so 
popular in Chicago and other great markets 
that they now sell on their merits. Dealers 
consider it an honor to have the privilege of 
selling his brands; all that is necessary is to 
show the label to purchasers and Morril's 
name does the rest. Every merchant delights 
to handle berries or fruits of any kind if he 
can feel safe in guaranteeing the quality to 
his customers. The cost of a label is only a 
trifle and it gives you many advantages over 
those who have none. Do not harvest another 
crop without it; your trade will increase 
enough the first season to more than doubly 
pay the cost. 



LATE. Bi-sexual. A vigorous grower, making a 
grand foliage, which is light green and glossy. The 
berries are a bright red, rich and attractive. This is 
another fancy berry for fancy trade, and always 
brings a fancy price; a splendid berry for the family 
garden as well as for market. We can see no differ- 
ence between this grand variety and the Corsican. 
Just look at the picture and see in your mind's eye its 
dark red color and the rich flavor added to it, then 
decide whether it will suit you. Tenth year of 
selection and restriction in our breeding bed adds to 
its value. 



MARKETING STRAWBERRIES. 

One-half of the business is in knowing how 
to grow big crops of fancy berries, the other 
half is in knowing how to put them on the 
market at a profit. One thing sure, no one is 
going to pay more than you ask and no one 
can conscientiously ask more than an article 
is worth. So in order to get a big price you 
must grow big fancy berries, pack and arrange 
them so attractively that they will catch the 
eye of the hungry purchasers and the price 
then cuts no figure. Always take pride in 
keeping your berries at such' a high standard 
of excellence that it will never be necessary to 
sell in competition with other growers. Have 
an attractive label that will guarantee the 
quality, pack them honestly, having the ber- 
ries the same all through and using full meas- 
ure. 

People will soon learn your honest methods 
and call for berries bearing your label. After 
your reputation is established your berries 
will sell on their merits and will become 
famous wherever they are sold. There are a 
number of ways in which berries can be mar- 
keted at a big profit and each grower should 
adopt the methods best suited to his own par- 
ticular location. One of the most successful 
ways is to make arrangements with the most 
reliable, up-to-date groceryman in each town, 
giving him the exclusive sale on your berries 
and having it understood that you are to grade 
them and that they will be put up in fancy 



36 




PARKER EARLE. 



LATE. Bi-sexual. Possesses a wonderful fruit- 
ing power, being recognized by the leading fruit grow- 
ers as one of the most productive varieties under 
cultivation, and when the plants are free from ex- 
haustion they stool up to a mammoth size, producing 
berries that will command the very highest price in 
any market. Be sure that your plants come from the 
bed that is kept under close restrictions, which will 
insure them strong in potency of pollen Our vigorous 
thoroughbred plants are so perfectly balanced and 
thoroughly built up in their fruit producing organism 
that we have counted as high as 390 berries on one 
plant, and the greater part of them fancy; they are 
bright red, rather long, somewhat pointed, very rich 
flavor, and good shippers. The foliage is a bright 
green, growing tall. This is a safe variety to set on 
low land; late blooming with such large foliage pro- 
tects it from frosts. This is the 16th year we have 
had it under restriction, making our selection from 
ideal ancestors. 



style. A progressive and up-to-date grower 
will never allow the purchaser to name the 
price; the producer of anv article is the only 
one who can intelligently fix this; and so long 
as the berries are fancy and carefully selected 
the groceryman will be perfectly willing to 
Sell at the grower's price in order to get the 
sale of them, which makes a big drawing card 
for him, besides a profit. All grocers admit 
that there isn't anything that draws trade like 
fancy fruit. The grower should always see' 
that his berries have the most prominent place 
in front of the store; he should take great 
pride in making a fine display, placing the 
crates one a little higher than the other, 
sloping them enough to expose the big, bright 
fellows in full view. Never bother the gro- 
ceryman while he is waiting upon a customer, 
and when he sees that you are taking so much 
interest in his business he will become more 
interested in yours, advertising your berries 
and pushing them ahead of all others; his 
clerks will also learn to admire your business 
qualities and they will become enthusiastic, 
showing and talking your berries to every 
customer. It doesn't make any difference how 
many small berries there are on the market; 
fancy berries that are guaranteed to be honest- 
ly packed should never retail for less than 
thirteen cents per quart, or two quarts for 
twenty-five cents; the groceryman should have 



ROUGH RIDER. 

LATE. Bi-sexual. This is a favorite variety in 
all localities where it succeeds. The berries are' a 
bright glossy red, firm and pretty in form, extra good 
quality, and a good shipper, and the smoothness of 
the berry adds materially to their beauty. Where it 
has not been tested we suggest a trial, and when 
found to succeed, there is no more profitable variety 
grown. 

The foliage is a dark glistening green, making as 
fine appearance in the field as the berries do in the 
box. 

We have selected it six years and it is gaining 
every year. 



15 per cent for selling them. Of course the 
price should be much higher than this when 
they are scarce. A wonderful lot of berries 
can be sold at retail direct from the field or 
packing house by advertising in the local 
papers. A small ad. in a few of the best 
papers will bring customers from a long dis- 
tance. A great many people prefer to buy 
direct from the grower and you will be sur- 
prised how buyers will drive in from different 
towns as well as from the country and take 
berries home by the crate for canning, etc. 
This is an especially valuable way to dispose 
of your second grade berries, as it doesn't 
pay to ship them. Any grower is bound to 
have a few of this kind that have been graded 
out from the fancy stock. 

Treat everybody who visits your farm cour- 
teously, keep yourself neatly dressed, give 
all visitors a hearty handshake and show 
them they are welcome. Never allow a visitor 
or customer to leave your farm without eating 
some of the choicest berries; it is a good way 
to advertise; they will tell others of your fine 
berries, also the pleasant and friendly way 
they were received. Never ask a visitor to 
buy; it shows poor business qualities to make 
anyone feel under obligations to buy. Simply 
show them around and they will become so 
impressed with you and your berries that a 
very small per cent of them will leave without 
making a purchase. Another good and profit- 
able wav is to have a neat wagon pulled by a 



37 





R. M. Kellogg' s Great Crops of 



BUBACH. 

LATE. Pistillate. A market commander, repu- 
tation winner and money getter. There is scarcely 
a strawberry grower in the country that hasn't fruit- 
ed Bubach, and no one should be without them. They 
are very prolific of such big meaty fellows, bright red 
color, with a rich, tempting look that almost over- 
powers the customer and the price is never argued. 
The plants are large, with dark green foliage with a 
waxy appearance. There is a pleasure and profit in 
growing big showy berries, for it makes it so easy to 
get new customers, and still easier to hold all the 
old ones. People always look upon such growers with 
admiration, and tell others about your big berries 
until your name is a household word in the com- 
munity. Eighteenth year of selection and restric- 
tion. 



sleek and well curried horse, dressed in neat, 
clean harness and driven bv a neatly dressed 
and courteous gentleman. Fill the wagon with 
two grades of berries, fancy and medium; call 
at each house and sell at retail by the quart 
or any amount the customers want. While 
delivering today take orders for tomorrow; a 
big retail business will soon be built up in 
this manner. Your neatness will attract at- 
tention and your name become a household 
word. The children will watch for the berry 
man and you will hear them call to mamma, 
"Hurry up, here comes the man with the big 
strawberries." Fine hotels are also a good 
place to sell fancy berries; they will always 
pay an extra high price to get something 
above the ordinary to tickle the palates of 
their guests, and it makes a good advertise- 
ment for the hotel. Wealthy people who live 
at expensive hotels and cafes do not ask the 
price; what they are after is the best the mar- 
ket affords, and this will make your berries 
popular with a wealthy class of people. Th^re 
is a world of pleasure in growing fancy ber- 
ries, and selling under these methods makes 
large profits, which adds still more to the 
pleasure. Most people like to trade with those 
who are successful, and the more successful a 
man is the better they like to buy of him. 

Lag-behinds and drones cannot expect to 
make a success at anything; they must be con- 
tent with whatever the up-to-date hustler 
leaves behind, and they have to accept just 
whatever people offer for their products. They 




SEAFOBD. 

LATE. Pistillate, that is gaining in reputation 
every year. The berries are a very dark red, corru- 
gated just enough to show up attractively, and the 
flavor is unsurpassed. It is very prolific and the 
berries are a good size. The picture was made from 
a photograph, and shows it to perfection except the 
dark red color. 

The foliage is large, dark green with broad leaves 
and upright in growth. It has a long season of 
ripening and the berries hold out in quality to the 
last picking. This is the ninth year of selection, 
which makes it good enough to recommend to our 
friends. 



drive up in front of a grocery and yell to the 
proprietor, "Do you want any berries?" and 
when the merchant comes out, asks, "What 
will you give for them?" A small, trifling 
sum is offered and accepted and the grocery- 
man takes the poor berries out and sets them 
inside the store while the lazy grower sits in 
his wagon. What chance has a man like this 
where there are up-to-date growers? Why, 
bless your soul, my progressive friend, you 
have everything your own way. There is the 
best opening in fancy strawberry growing of 
any business we know of; it requires but little 
capital and there is scarcely any competition. 
There never has been and probably never will 
be enough fancy berries to supply the demand. 
No one ever heard of a man getting rich work- 
ing for other people. Do not be a wage earner 
all your life; lease a piece of land for a term 
of years, with the privilege of buying it, and 
pitch in with a determination to be a leader 
on the market; do not be satisfied with any- 
thing but the best. It is better to start right 
with little money and a lot of enthusiasm than 
it is to start wrong with a lot of money and 
no enthusiasm. Make your word good wher- 
ever you deal and the banks will soon learn 
that you mean business and will stand by you. 
Your reputation will spread like the wind. 
In a few years the piece of leased land will be 
your own, worth double what it was when 
leased. Then you will be on Easy street. 



33 




Strawberries, and Bow Be Grows Them 





\ 




8 AMPLE. 



OREGON IRON CLAD. 



LATE. Pistillate. Well it has an appropriate 
name all right, for every berry is fit for an ideal 
sample; the great, big, rich, red, top shaped beauties 
are so inviting that they are generally bought with- 
out asking the price. Anyone that could still feel 
stingy after seeing a box of these berries is past re- 
demption, and if the size and color fail to tempt 
the customer just slip one into his mouth; a sale is 
made and a steady customer through the season. It 
is a grand treat to see them throwing up their beau- 
tiful green foliage with such long leaf stems; they 
seem to be reaching up to catch the sun's rays, spread- 
ing just a little to let the sun kiss the berries' cheeks 
to make them blush. The season of ripening is long 
and the donation of berries is large every day for 
several weeks. The test in our trial bed at Coving- 
ton, Indiana, on different soil and under different 
climatic conditions, gives it as many good points 
there as here; it succeeds equally well everywhere 
we have had reports from. Its record of breeding 
is nine years, and the improvement by selection gives 
it several points better than last year. 



N2VER A GLUT OF FANCY STRAW- 
BERRIES. 

The up-to-date growers of fancy strawber- 
ries have better chances for making money 
now than they ever had before; the entire 
country is prosperous, with labor everywhere 
employed at good wages, and nearly everybody 
is making money. Strawberries are no longer 
considered a luxury, but rather a part of the 
necessary daily food, and the demand for a 
fancy grade of fruit is much greater than the 
supply, and the fellow who goes into the busi- 
ness with a determination to grow the best is 
the fellow who is going to maKe money. Only 
a few years ago a groceryman would only sell 
one crate of berries a day; now that same deal- 
er sells from eight to ten crates each day and 
double this amount on Saturday. There is no 
reason that we can see why the market will 
ever be glutted with fancy berries. While 
visiting different markets this year we found 
a good supply of small berries selling at a 
small price, while the fancy stock was going 
fast at more than double the price of the small 



VERY LATE. Bi-sexual. Originated in Oregon 
and exclusively grown in many localities there, and 
it is creating quite a sensation wherever introduced. 
The berries are large, dark red, of high quality, shows 
up rich when placed nicely in the box It is quite pro- 
ductive and is almost sure to be one of the standard 
varieties. Late blooming and large foliage makes it 
almost free from danger of frost. The scramble for 
these plants last year made it impossible for us to fill 
all of our orders for it. We have more than doubled 
our acreage for this year. This makes the third year 
of selection, making rapid gains in all points. You 
can safely give this variety a liberal trial; it is sure 
to please. 



ones, and the growers of these fancies could 
not fill half their orders. We get many letters 
from growers who are following our methods 
reporting that they cannot supply half the 
demand for their fancy fruit; the more they 
increase their acreage, the more their cus- 
tomers' appetites increase, and it just seems 
impossible to satisfy their longings for this 
best of all berries. There are so many val- 
uable receipts now for preserving and canning 
berries that almost every housewife fills her 
cupboard with them, put up in all styles for 
winter use. People are no longer satisfied 
with them merely throug the fruiting season, 
but must have them the year round. No 
grower need fear the market so long as he 
continues to grow fancy berries and to pack 
them honestly; it's the fellow who insists on 
setting weak, devitalized plants and grows 
inferior fruit who has to hunt for customers, 
selling at whatever price people see fit to offer 
him. It is certainly interesting to stand in 
front of an up-to-date grocery, where there is 
a crate of fancy, select berries setting beside 
a crate of small, inferior ones, and watch the 
people stop and gaze at them, invariably pur- 
chasing the best, and although the fancies 
are more than double the price of the others 
they disappear like snow in the hot sun. The 
eye has a wonderful influence on the stomach 
and the stomach seems to have full control of 
the pocketbook. 



39 




R. M. Kello&g's Great Crops of 




MIDNIGHT. 



LATE. Bi-sexual. Extra late, extra big and 
extra good. This is the third year we have been 
breeding up this variety, and in making our selec- 
tions we notice great gains in all points. It gets right 
down to business in developing up crowns, and it 
can't be outdone in this respect by many varieties. 
The foliage is a handsome, dark glossy green, and it 
develops; up an unusual fruiting power; the berries 
are thickly scattered all through the foliage, pre- 
senting a beautiful picture. They are large, conical, 
bright scarlet on top shading to a little lighter on 
the under side. No one ever ate a richer or sweet- 
er berry; if you ever taste a midnight and your 
appetite don't call for more you had better see a 
doctor at once for something is wrong. Third year 
of selection. 




BIG I-ATE. (BI-SEXUAt.) 

Last year we said this in our booklet: 

" Later than anything, but no plants obtainable 
this year at any price. No, not for dollars each. I 
have never introduced a variety because I could not 
And one or .produce a seedling that I felt absolutely 
sure was a thing, far better than anything now under 
cultivation. I have been content to develop and bring 




MARK HANNA. 



MEDIUM TO QT7TTE LATE. Pistillate. It is 
hard to tell just where to place this superb variety in 
our list, as it so much resembles the great politician 
after whom it was named (the late Mark Hanna). 
He was loaded with politics through the entire cam- 
paigning season, while our Mark Hanna is loaded 
with berries all through the strawberry campaign, 
and it wins customers fast. Also his equal as a 
money maker, but not quite his size, though plenty- 
big enough to capture the very highest prices going. 
As a producer it certainly wins the prize; its big 
red berries are in clusters like cherries, and the rich, 
dark red color don't come off after being shipped, as 
it still retains its brilliancy and this is certainly a 
valuable point in any berry. 

The plants are of the large, vigorous type and 
show business right from the start. It opens a large 
well developed bloom, and loads of them, and every 
one will make a beautiful berry if properly pollenized. 
This is the second year of selection in our breeding 
bed and it shows many excellent points which leads 
us to feel sure it will succeed where any other berry 
does. 



out the higher qualities of old standard sorts, but 
now I straighten up and with the fullest confidence 
that it is superior in bigness, richness, lateness, 
prettyness, moneygettingness, family happiness and 
all other ' nesses ' that mean betterness, so next year 
I shall launch it. Don't ask for it now for your gold 
will not get it, but I just want to show the photo- 
graph so you can whet your appetite for it next 
season." 

The above was our unprejudiced opinion last 
year but this was such an unfavorable season to deter- 
mine the true value of a new strawberry, that we are 
compelled to ask for one more year's testing before of- 
fering it for sale; at the end of this time, if we are not 
absolutely certain that it is far better than any other 
variety of its season, we will never offer it at any price, 
because we realize the fact that our many, friends all 
over the country, will trust to our judgment on this 
new berry as they always have heretofore on the 
standard sorts, and we refuse to allow our customers, 
with such unlimited confidence in us, to invest one 
cent in the plants of this variety, until we can vouch 
for its superiority. Although we have an immense 
stock of these piants on hand and a large sum of 
money invested in them, we prefer to loose all this 
rather than make a mistake. Therefore, we ask every- 
body to be patient until it fruits one more year, at 
which time we will again report and if we can safely 
give you our word and honor that it is good, it will 
be good. 



40 




Strawberries, and Bow He Grows Them 



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41 




ROLLAND MORRILL'S 

Bt-autiful country home on his famous peach orchard at Benton Harbor, Mich. Mr. Morrill has made 
a fortune growing peaches and strawberries and he contributes his success to bud selection. He propogates 
all his own peach trees, selecting buds from trees of known fruiting vigor and gets a big crop of fancy 
peaches every year; his strawberry plants come from R. M. Kellogg's breeding farms, and are selected 
from mother plants of known fruiting vigor. Mr. Morrill also operates the Morril Orchard Co., of Texas, 
consisting of 12,000 acres where fruits and vegetables are grown to perfection. Read what he says about 
thoroughbred strawberry plants. 



Benton Harbor, Mich., July 26, 1904. 
THE R. M. KELLOGG CO., Three Rivers, Mich.: 

My Dear Sirs: The 14,000 strawberry plants I ordered for the Morrill Orchard Co., at Morrill, Texas, 
when visiting your farm last season made the best start and growth I ever saw for plants that had been 
shipped. They traveled over a thousand miles, and I don't believe we lost one per cent, of them from all 
causes. This only increases my faith in Thoroughbred Pedigree plants. 

Hoping to be able to visit your plant breeding farms again soon, and wishing you success, I am, 

Tours very truly, R. MORRILL. 




THIS INSTRUMENT, THE CAMERA, HAS COR- 
RECTLY DEPICTED THE BERRIES 
SHOWN HEREIN. 

Our object in showing this camera is to explain 
to the reader how we get these illustrations so true 
to nature; they are not imaginary, but actual photo- 
graphs of berries grown on our thoroughbred pedi- 
gree plants, made by Mr. Charles Silliman, photo- 
grapher of Three Rivers. Likewise all other illustra- 
tions are made from photographs of the scenes they 
represent. 

This entire book is written by us and contains 
only our own methods and not theories; its teachings 
arc practical and common sense; every method sug- 
gested is followed out on our farms with results that 
are too well known to the horticultural world to 
need any comment. In teaching the berry grower 
how to grow big crops of fancy berries we recommend 
nothing but that which must be done in order to 
attain the results we ourselves have secured. No 
one can expect to reach the top step of the ladder of 
fame and fortune without following those who have 
already climbed it. One thing sure, it cannot be 
reached by those who stand at the bottom, criticising 
those who have attained it. We get a great deal of 
satisfaction from helping others who show a willing- 
ness to help themselves, by following intelligent in- 
structions. We love to give every enthusiastic fellow 
a boost; so just pitch in and you can soon be able to 
show us berries as fine as these we are showing to 
you. 




Strawberries, and Bow He Grows Them 





F. B. MAGILL'S POULTRY FARM, WITH STRAWBERRY GROWING IN CONNECTION, AT PIQUA, O. 

" It is with much pleasure that I write you expressing my entire satisfaction with strawberry grow- 
ing in connection with poultry raising. As you are aware, I have been breeding the purest strain of White 
Wyandotts for heavy egg production by selection with wonderful success, as letters of testimony will bear 
me out; the big results obtained along this line gave me faith in your methods of plant breeding by 
selection, so my potato patch was plowed up and set to your thoroughbred pedigree plants, and the way 
those plants grew and built up crowns astonished the old time berry growers of this section. Each year my 
potatoes are planted in new ground and the patch of the previous year is set to your strawberry plants. 
I shall not grow any more grain for my Wyandotts, but shall put all my available ground in strawberries 
and buy grain, as the difference in profit much more than pays for the extra labor. Strawberry growing is 
a profitable business in connection with poultry, and 1 shall increase my acreage considerably next spring. 
One hundred hens furnish enough manure for one acre of berries on fair ground. My boy takes great in- 
terest in both chickens and berries and enjoys getting out with them and watching the chickens work 
among the plants. A bug or insect of any kind has no show on my grounds and the Wyandotts pay me 
handsomely for the privilege of working among the plants. Very truly yours, 

F. B. MAGILL. 



CHICKENS AND STRAWBERRIES. 

There are no two industries that yield a 
higher profit on the investment and which 
may be conducted together to more advantage 
than growing strawberries and keeping poul- 
try. Any man or woman with good business 
tact and determined energy, and who will be 
painstaking and quick to take advantage of 
business opportunities, can find no more de- 
lightful or reliable work. These two indus- 
tries together will bring a steady income a 
greater part of the year and there will scarcely 
be a dull season when it is all outgo and no 
income. 

It is considered best not to have "the eggs 
all in one basket," but to diversify enough to 
break up the monotony and at the same time 
steady, undivided attention is essential to suc- 
cess in this and all undertakings. 



Woe to the grasshopper, bug or worm 
where a flock of chickens have range; and in 
this particular the flocks are as valuable as 
the spray pump, for they keep incessantly at 
work, and about the only time they need to be 
kept out of the strawberry field is during the 
fruiting season. Bone meal and meat trim- 
mings are grand fertilizers for the strawberry 
plant, and the digestive organs of the chicken 
are admirably adapted to changing these into 
plant food. The meat markets will furnish 
the raw material at a small cost, which the 
chickens will rapidly manufacture into eggs 
and fertilizer, and we would as soon fertilize 
our grounds from the chicken coop as from 
any other source. Compost the droppings 
with at least four times their bulk of dry, 
loamy soil, and this is easily done by scatter- 
ing the soil under the roosts to absorb the 
moisture and odors. A little close attention 



43 




R. M. Kellogg's Great Crops of 





E. C. SEARS' BEAUTIFUL, STRAWBERRY FIELD AT LAGRANGE, ILL. 

What would you give to be able to send us a photograph of such a beautiful strawberry field as this, 
earned with your own brain and muscle? Did you ever see a flower park any more attractive? Mr. Sears 
writes us that he sold 25,000 quarts from 4% acres in one season, at an average price of 10c per quart, 
making $2,500. Just add this to the beauty, then decide whether it pays to use thoroughbred plants. Mr. 
Sears also writes us under date Aug. 4, 1904, that he contributes his success to thoroughbred plants and 
following the instructions of Great Crops of Strawberries and How to Grow Them; also states that he will 
visit our breeding beds in October to get better acquainted with us and our methods. He is progressive 
and up-to-date in every particular, doing everything in the right way, at the right time. He uses a neat 
label and keeps everybody thinking of Sears Fancy Strawberries, guaranteeing them to be Ripe, Red, 
Juicy and Sweet, and advertises that he will not pick or sell on Sunday. Is it any wonder that every- 
body loves Mr. Sears and his berries? 



to this work will repay a large per cent., both 
on fowls and frnit. Keep the compost under 
cover so that it will remain dry. A hundred 
and fifty or two hundred bushels of this com- 
post sown broadcast to the acre and thorough- 
ly incorporated into the soil before setting 
the plants will stimulate the foliage into a 
strong, vigorous growth, resulting in an abun- 
dance of fruit. 

Never mix ashes or lime with this compost 
before putting it into the soil, as they will set 
the nitrogen free, so it will escape. If land 
plaster be used under the roosts it will absorb 
the ammonia and hold it until it is in the soil. 
The droppings are so strong when not diluted 
with soil that if any quantity comes into direct 
contact with the roots it will burn them and 
thus injure the plants. 

GOING IN DEBT FOR A FARM. . . 

Just stop and think for a minute how many 
men in your locality now own good farms, 
elegantly equipped with fine buildings, stock 
and tools, and see how many of them you can 



recall to memory who had the ready money 
to pay cash for everything when they began. 
You will find the greater number of these 
farms were made by the owners going into 
debt for them, and they today would be work- 
ing for other people only for their grit in 
grasping an opportunity. Most of the rich 
men in this country made their start by going 
in debt; a great many men are poor simply 
because they have always been afraid to make 
a start; they can see chances to make money, 
but do not accept them. Debt should not 
scare any man so long as there is value to 
show for it. A young man should not be will- 
ing to spend his entire life in working by the 
day or month, as this is an exceedingly slow 
way to get a home; there is so much more 
pleasure in working for yourself and beautify- 
ing your own farm instead of using your brain 
and muscle to make others rich. It doesn't 
take much cash to buy a farm, but it does take 
a lot of grit. The poultrymen feed grit to 
their hens to make them lay eggs, and we find 
that it is good to make the young man lay and 
execute plans. We talk from experience. 



44 




Strawberries, and How He Glows Them 





E. D. DONALDSON'S MODEL BERRY FIELD AT COVINGTON, IND. 

Mr. Donaldson's berry farm joins the famous Frank E. Beatty farm, and he has become so thor- 
oughly inoculated with the methods given in Great Crops of Strawberries and How to Grow Them, and fol- 
lowed its methods so closely that he is second fiddler to no berry grower in Fountain County. He attributes 
his success to using thoroughly developed plants and doing his work right 

Mr. Donaldson was a cooper, working at his trade until sixty years of age. He became tired of 
shop work and being determined to have a home of his own. a bargain was made for this farm of seven 
acres, going in debt for the greater part of it. He pitched into business; the big berries soon paid off the 
mortgage, besides furnishing ample means for many needed improvements, also a snug bank account to 
draw from at any time; he is now seventy-four years old and his good wife seventy-six; he is as en- 
thusiastic over the berry business as many a young man. 



THE WIFE'S PIN MONEY. 

No matter how well the husband provides 
for the wife, she enjoys money better that 
comes from some source of her own; life 
seems more independent when she can go to 
a well filled pocketbook that has been earned 
by her own planning. A big majority of 
women on the farm get their pin money from 
milk and butter, which is a very good way; 
however, there are many hardships connected 
with it. We can recall a number of farmers' 
wives who milk from six to eight cows twice 
each day, tramping through snow and mud in 
the winter, besides being tormented with flies 
in summer; and some of the husbands allow 
their wives the honor of cleaning the stable 
as well. Then comes all the crocks to wash, 
which takes till bedtime; getting up at four 
o'clock in the morning, churning before break- 
fast, then taking the butter to market through 
the dust and sweltering sun. No matter how 
nicely it is moulded out and arranged on the 
dish, it will sometimes be soft and look mussy 
on arrival, making it hard to get a satisfactory 
price. A few years of such hardship will make 
an opening for a step-mother. We are glad 
that a great many of these good wives and 
mothers have found an easier and more pleas- 




GEO. S. POMEROY'S BERRY FIELD. 

Here is another beautiful strawberry farm showing 
the result of thoroughbred pedigree plants. Mr. Pom- 
eroy has used Thoroughbred plants for years and con- 
tributes his success to their use and following the in- 
structions laid down in " Great Crops of Strawberries 
and How to Grow Them." Strawberries are grown 
in connection with thoroughbred poultry. This model 
farm is located at Jonesville, Mich. Mr. Pomeroy is 
like every other grower that follows these methods, 
first fiddler in his county. 

ant way to earn their own money. A patch of 
Thoroughbred strawberry plants covering as 
much ground as the barn lot, which formerly 
held the six cows makes them more clear 



45 




R. M. Kelloggs Great Crops of 





NARROWING ROWS DOWN FOR SECOND CROP. 

This berry patch has just been burnt over, and the rows narrowed down with a common breaking 
plow, which is done by throwing a furrow from each side of the row into the center. This leaves a ridge of 
soil between the rows, which is leveled down with harrow or cultivator. You cannot see any plants, but 
the roots and crowns are there just the same, full of vigor and ready for business. See picture on oppo- 
site page, showing this same patch six weeks later; each hill shows six to eight big crowns, besides mak- 
ing four, big, strong runner plants. Only thoroughbred plants can make such a showing, in so short a 
time. 



money with one-half the work, "and is all done 
during the pleasant time of the year, never 
becoming necessary to work in the rain or on 
Sunday; instead, they spend this day in church 
work and eating the big juicy berries. No 
winter work, freezing fingers, or dirty cow 
tails slashing your eyes out, making it hard 
to keep the second commandment. You can 
belong to the church the year round and make 
more money with less work. 

PREPARING FOR SECOND CROP. 

In preparing the fruiting bed for second 
crop, just as soon as the berries are all har- 
vested, we mow off the foliage close to the 
ground, letting it lay for about thirty-six 
hours, or long enough to become quite dry. 
Selecting a day when there is a brisk wind, 
we go to the side of the field from which the 
wind is coming, take a fork full of straw and 
lighting it with a match we walk along the 
end of the field, carrying the fork full of 
burning straw close to the ground so the dry 
foliage and mulching will catch fire; by the 
time we get across the end the blaze will be 
sweeping across the grounds; the wind forces 
it along quickly, licking up everything clean 



as it goes, and the extreme heat raises with 
the wind, protecting the crowns from injury. 
This leaves the entire field covered with ashes, 
which assist in furnishing potash for the com- 
ing crop. The burning also destroys all in- 
sects, fungus growth and many weed seeds. 
Immediately after the burning a bar shear or 
common breaking plow is used to throw a 
furrow from each side of the row into the 
center, cutting the row down to about five or 
six inches wide; following this is the common 
harrow going same direction as the plow, 
crossing it the next time. This draws fine soil 
over the crowns, which is to assist them in 
starting the new root system; these roots are 
formed just above the old ones at the base of 
crown and gives the plants a vigorous start 
into a new life and in a few days the new 
foliage is above the soil, breathing the pure 
air and pumping moisture for the machinery 
below. Soon we have rich, green rows across 
the field, and right now is the time to go over 
them with hoes, cutting out all weeds and 
any weak plants, leaving the best hills about 
sixteen inches apart: runners will soon start 
and each hill is allowed to make four, layering 
them to make the row as desired, and thus we 
get a majority of young plants. After this 



46 




SIX WEEK'S GROWTH. 

This engraving was made from a photograph which was taken just six weeks after the patch was 
burnt over, showing what a vigorous growth well developed plants make when properly handled. The picture 
on the opposite page shows how this patch looked six weeks before; nothing to be seen then but fresh dirt, 
which covered crowns about one-half inch; runner plants are layered along the row to form the hedge sys- 
tem, and with proper cultivation both young and old plants build up a heavy crown system. After the second 
crop they are turned under and the ground manured and refitted. Set nothing but well developed plants and 
do everything in the right way at the right time. 



all other runners are cut off and cultivation 
and hoeing continued the same as on new 
beds. No field should ever be allowed to fruit 
more than two crops; longer than this is done 
at a loss. A new field should be set each 
spring with plants strong in their fruiting 
power and that have never been weakened by 
pollen exhaustion. 

FALL SETTING OF PLANTS. 

The time to set plants is in the spring. We 
will not furnish plants for summer or fall set- 
ting under any circumstances nor for any price. 
We do not want to send these thoroughbred 
plants to any one to be grown under unfavor- 
able conditions. We insist that they shall be 
set at the proper time, and that is early in the 
spring, on ground properly fitted and given 
suitable tillage, and wherever this is done they 
create a sensation with every one who sees 
the fruit and this is the basis of our success 



in plant breeding and explains why the num- 
ber of orders double every year. 

If we knew you were a lazy, shiftless fellow 
and would not take pride in having something 
nice and be above the ordinary and would 
put the plants in poor ground and give poor 
tillage, your order would be a uamage to us 
and we would not accept it. 

Plants have no time to grow and develop 
their fruit organs and supporting vegetative 
parts when set in the hot, dry months of Au- 
gust and September, and besides all this we 
could not then furnish them at a price we 
would advise you to pay. Let them have a 
whole summer and pick the blossoms the first 
spring, so as to preserve the vigor at a time 
when they have not secured a rootage to sup- 
port this exhaustive process; follow the cul- 
tural methods prescribed and you will find fun, 
money and pleasure in the business. 



47 




R. M. Kellogg's Great Crops of 





Waterford, N. Y., July 31, 1904. 
R M. KELLOGG CO., 

Dear Sirs: As my fruiting season is over, 1 thought I would write and let you know of my success. 
Last year I sent a $1.00 order for plants, receiving 101 plants, and on account of the severe drought of 1903, 
not raining for 44 days, seven plants died, leaving 94, which I did not allow to make any runners, and 
by this method the plants made a wonderful growth, forming from six to seven crowns. When fall 
came, I covered the plants with straw. I picked 90 quarts of berries, pronounced by everyone the finest 
berries they ever saw, holding their good size until the last berries were picked. I would have had a bet- 
ter report for you if it had not been for the rain, which came just as the berries were at their best, and 
lasted for several days, causing a large quantity of berries to rot, and then there were some stolen. I am 
very much pleased with my success, which was all due to the teaching of your book, which I have received 
for three seasons and prize very highly. 

Thanking you for the favors of the past and wishing you success in the future, I remain, Yours, 

GEO. E. LEE. 




How to Heel in Plants. 

CARE OF PLANTS. 

A postal card will be mailed to you when 
the plants are shipped, so you should be on 
the lookout for them. Our system of packing 
is the most perfect that can be devised, and 
plants the last season were shipped to the 
most distant points without the loss of a 
plant, and if you give them the same care that 
we do here every one of them will grow. 

When you receive the package, if you are 
not ready to set them out, do not leave them 
in the package, but heel them in by digging 



a small trench in some shady place, and put- 
ting in plants as seen in engraving. 

HEELING IN PLANTS. 

Before opening the package give them a 
thorough wetting before exposing the roots 
in putting them in the trench. Do not wet 
them until you are ready to take them out. 
Put the whole package into the water for a 
few minutes or pour water on it slowly until 
you know that every root is soaked, and then 
heel them in at once. Put a few plants in the 
trench and spread them out and put the soil 
on thinly, and press it in among the roots, then 
another layer of plants. 

Keep the labels on the plants and exercise 
extreme care not to mix the varieties. Ever}' 
bunch has a label on it, and these should be 
stuck in the ground so there can be no mis- 
take. The plants can be kept in the trenches 
for a long time, if the weather is not suitable 
for setting them. Do not wet them too much 
so as to bake the soil on top. The ground 
must be only moist. If early in spring, and 
indications are for a heavy frost, spread an 
old blanket or put some straw over them. 

While a strawberry will endure shipment 
from ocean to ocean and even foreign ports, 
when skillfully packed in spaghnum moss, yet 



48 




Strawberries, and How He Grows Them 





FANCY GROCERY OF A. S. NELSON & SONS. 

This beautiful store is located at the corner of Neill and Church Streets, Champaign, Illinois, where 
Beatty's Celebrated Strawberries have been sold for ten years. One of the leading features of this great 
store is the fancy fruit which is always found in large quantities, and Beatty's berries always occupy a 
front seat, selling at 13c to ISc per quart, when Champaign is full of other berries that are selling from 
five to ten cents Nelson & Sons' customers have learned that the quality of these famous berries can be 
depended upon, and will have no others. " By his fruits shall they know him.' Fourteen courteous clerks 
and five delivery wagons are kept continually on the hustle serving the flood of customers which are 
made up of the most prominent citizens of Champaign and surrounding country 



a few minutes' exposure to a bright sun and 
wind will make the roots as dry as hay, and 
they will surely perish. We shall use the ut- 
most care in delivering the plants to you, and 
then their success will depend on your care. 

You will find a world of pleasure in the busi- 
ness, if you have studied this book carefully, 
and by following its teachings you will build 
up a business you will truly enjoy and make 
a good fortune besides. 

DIGGING THE PLANTS. 

It reauires 125 men to dig these plants and 
25 sub-foremen with a head foreman and su- 
perintendent over the entire lot. Everything 
goes like clockwork, a certain place for every 
man and every man in his place. The men go 
to the field with the field foreman, who places 
them in gangs of five, with an experienced 
foreman in charge of each gang. Each fore- 
man is given orders to die a certain number 
of a required variety. Two men go ahead and 
rake off the mulch and pull off all the old run- 
ners and foliage, cleaning them ready for set- 
ting before they are dug; following these are 
two men with six-tine forks. These are run 
under the plants, lifting them straight out of 



the ground and shaking the dirt off so as not 
to injure or break the roots or bruise the 
crown. The foreman follows close up to the 
diggers and puts the plants into a wet bag be- 
fore any sun or wind strikes them. The entire 
row is dug, throwing the mother plants and 
poorly rooted ones out. After each bag is 
filled a tag bearing name of variety is tied to 
it with the foreman's name that dug them. 
They are immediately hauled to the packing 
house, where they are counted and packed 
ready for shipping. An aggregate is made of 
all orders to be shipped each dav and enough 
of all varieties dug to fill these orders. By 
this system all plants are shipped in perfectly 
fresh condition. 

STRAWBERRY EXPERIMENT STATION 

Our trial bed forms a regular encyclopedia 
of information and is the largest of the kind 
in the country. Here is where experimenting 
is carried out on all varieties to determine the 
best way to handle them for ideal results. 
studying the character of soil and methods of 
cultivation; also how to grow each particular 
variety to obtain the best berries and largest 



49 




R. M. Kello&g's Great Crops of 





INTERIOR OF PACKING HOUSE. 

A model packing house with a model system. The plants are brought in through large doors at the 
rear; each bag of plants has a tag with the name of variety printed on it in large letters, also the signa- 
ture of foreman that dug them and the teamster's name that hauled them in from the field; each 
variety is placed in its own stall or bin and counted by a careful, painstaking woman and tied in bunches 
of twenty-five plants each with a label bearing the name of variety and also counter's number in each 
bunch. Each department is under the supervision of a responsible, experienced foreman with ourselves 
making close inspection of each department at frequent intervals. Not even a whisper allowed, every- 
body attending strictly to business. Over one hundred people employed in this building with as much 
order and quietness as in a well ordered school room;the building is kept cool and damp all the time by 
frequent sprinklings and shading the windows, the plants are freshly packed in damp live sphagnum 
moss and are shipped all over the United States and to foreign countries. Two express companies have 
offices located in the building and every order is billed ready for shipping before it leaves the packing 
house. It requires four express clerks to handle the express business, two expert men to tie up plants that 
go by mail, and one man to bill out freight orders. 




% i Mi^iWmm 




**H. 



READY FOR BUSINESS. 

This picture shows part of our men getting ready to dig plants; the mulching has been removed 
and the next thing is to clean off all the old runners and leaves; nothing shipped from this farm but 
roots and crowns. No customer asked to pay express charges on useless material; plants are all cleaned 
ready for setting and every one will grow vigorously if properly set out. 



yield, whether hills, narrow or double hedge, 
or narrow matted rows. The proper mating 



is determined here; also effects of different 
fertilizers and spray materials. 



50 




Strawberries, and How Be Grows Them 




P. K. BEATTY, General Manager 



L. M. KELLOGii, Secretary and Treasurer 




OUR PLANTS GO SAFELY TO FOREIGN 
COUNTRIES. 

(See letter below.) 
Port Networitz, Bohemia, Europe, May 3, 1904. 
THE R. M. KELLOGG CO., Three Rivers, Mich.: 

Dear Gentlemen: This year I got the plants the 
26th of April, in the best possible condition. The moss 
was white, but some roots showed new rootlets, and 
my wife as soon as she opened the package cried out 
with joy, " All are living." I put them the same 
evening in cold frame, and next day they showed 
some growth, and in three days they developed leaves. 

The plants I purchased of you last year also over- 
lived the voyage. Out of the six or seven dozen only 
eleven plants died; they had a very hard year, as we 
had two heavy hail storms. I have about two hun- 
dred strong plants now, with many fruit stems, and 
some are blooming, but I only let a few of the berries 
ripen, as I want more plants from them. 

It is now too late, or I would willingly try to 
send you some plants grown from those you sent me 
a year ago, just to show how nice they look after a 
long voyage. My berries are always the best on the 
market. Please give me some instruction on growing 
In the hedge row. Yours truly^ STRIMpL 




VISITORS. 

We wish it were possible for every reader of this 
book to visit our plant farms and breeding beds so 
he could see the strawberry plants in all their glory. 
A great number of our customers from nearly every 
state as well as Canada visit us each year, and we 
take great pleasure in entertaining and showing them 
around the farm. If you can come we will make a 
special effort to see that your visit is pleasant as 
well as profitable. One thing sure we will guarantee 
to show you the greatest exhibition of strawberry 
plants in the world; single rows almost a mile long 
and straight as an arrow and a perfect sea of the 
beautiful green foliage. Our breeding bed where all 
selections are made and where plant breeding is 
carried on is a sight well worth seeing, especially to 
those interested along the lines of improvement. Re- 
member you are entertained free either at the best 
hotel or at our residence, which ever is the most 
agreeable and pleasant to the guests. Just think it 
over and let us know if you can come so we can meet 
you at the train; if not convenient to advise us of your 
coming,, the bus is always at the depot on arrival of 
each train, and conveys visitors to our grounds at oui- 
expense. ^____ t 

A. PLANT. CIRCLE. 

A continuous vigorous growth is only ob- 
tained when the digestive organs are in a 
healthy condition, and to keep the digestive 
organs in a healthy condition we must keep 



51 




R. H. Kellogg's Great Crops of 





OUR GENERAL, OFFICE. 

The work in our general office is under the direction of Mr. L. M. Kellogg, assisted by an experi- 
enced corps of careful clerks. Twice each day as the mail, consisting some days during the busy season 
of over nine hundred letters and postal cards, is delivered by the carrier, a trusted clerk opens and sorts 
it over and delivers that belonging to the correspondence, book, order, and personal department to the 
one in charge of each section. Thus with a well planned and carefully carried out system every day 
finds its work completed and very rarely is there a delay in any part. 



bacteria active; to keep bacteria active we 
must supply them with an abundance of air 
and to supply air, must cultivate. Cultivation 
forms a dust mulch, a dust mulch retains mois- 
ture, moisture dissolves plant food, plant food 
makes active roots, active roots builds up a 
big foliage, a big foliage makes perfect diges- 
tion and perfect digestion keeps up a continu- 
ous vigorous growth. 

A PROFITABLE INVESTMENT. 

Warroad, Minn., Sept. 20, 1904. 
R. M. KELLOGG CO., Three Rivers, Mich.: 

Gentlemen: A year ago last May I received from you 
two hundred pedigree strawberry plants. They were a week 
on the road, and it was another week before I was able to set 
them, but they grew right along and flourished. I set them 
on low ground, on almost clear sand. The patch has been 
flooded several times, but nothing seems to injure them. We 
commenced picking berries on June 26th and finished on July 
27th. Aside from the berries used in the family, we sold 
$39.75 worth from the patch, and the new bed of 250 plants 
set out this spring from your plants bids fair to outdo theold 
one by a good deal. To say we are pleased with Kellogg's 
plants is drawing it mildly. 

Wishing you success in your good work, I remain, 

Yours trulv, 

0. H. MORSE. 



State College of Agriculture. 
Lexington, Ky., Jan. 12, 1904. 
R. M. KELLOGG CO., Three Rivers, Mich.: 

Gentlemen: I want to express my appreciation of 
your interesting and stimulating plant book just re- 
ceived. It is so suggestive of thorough-going plant 
culture, that I want to place a copy in the hands of 
each of my students in horticulture. Can you send me 
ten copies? I will cheerfully pay the expense, if you 
will inform me of the amount. Yours truly, 

C. W. MATHEWS. 

Cornell University, College of Agriculture. 
Ithaca, N. Y., March 2, 1904. 
R. M. KELLOGG CO., Three Rivers, Mich: 

Gentlemen: I have about fifty young men of the 
Winter course in Agriculture who are taking my work 
in Horticulture. I should like to give each one of 
them your Great Crops of Strawberries, and your cata- 
logue. Kindly send me fifty copies for distribution 
among them. Yours truly, 

S. W. FLETCHER. 

Cornell University, College of Agriculture. 
Ithaca, N. Y., April 2, 1904. 
R. M. KELLOGG CO., Three Rivers, Mich: 

Gentlemen: I have received from you, in com- 
pliance with my request, fifty copies of your book en- 
titled "Great Crops of Strawberries and How to Grow 
Them," and have distributed them among the mem- 
bers of our Winter course in Agriculture. I thank you 
very much for sending them. Very truly, 

S. W. FLETCHER. 



52 




Strawberries, and How Be Grows Them 





OUR CORRESPONDENCE OFFICE. 

It is impossible in a booklet of sixty-four pages to give all of the information necessary for success- 
ful strawberry growing, as conditions differ so widely both in climate and soils. We devote our entire 
time, study, and work to investigating and experimenting along the lines of land cultivation and fertili- 
zation, and also plant growth, selection, and breeding. Our library is constantly receiving new additions of 
books by men of authority on every subject relating to the art of horticulture as well as reports and 
proceedings of many State Horticultural Societies; in addition to these all of the leading horticultural 
and agricultural papers are found on our tables, and we spare neither time nor expense to secure the 
latest and best information, and we cordially invite correspondence with all fruit growers, and will take 
pleasure in giving to them the benefit of our experience whenever it will be of service to them. Our large 
correspondence gives us practically an experiment station in every community in the country and we learn 
of methods of work, of the varieties tried in each locality and the results obtained. Write us at any time, 
giving particulars, and we shall be able to give you the information sought. While we have efficient 
stenographers our working hours are long and we are obliged to ask our enquirers to be brief. Omit all 
personal matters and no one need apologize for writing. State your questions clearly and pointedly on 
a sheet of paper separate from your letter if one is written, and that will enable us to make prompt re- 
plies to everybody. We shall be especially glad to learn in a concise form of any experiences you may 
have had of fruit growing and the results obtained. Be sure your name and postoffice address is plainly 
written and in full. We are frequently obliged to guess at names and addresses and sometimes they are 
not given at all. Do not hesitate to write us if you think we can help you in any way. 




^55^5.>' ****** 



PLANET JR. TWELVE TOOTH HARROW, CULTI- 
VATOR AND PULVERIZER. Price complete $8.50 

Thistool has rapidly grown in favor among strawberry 
growers, market gardeners, truckers and farmers. This is 
because the twelve chisel-shaped teeth do such thorough 
work, yet without throwing earth on small plants, and be- 
cause the tool is so convenient, durable and strung. The com- 
bination of teeth and pulverizer leaves the ground in the 
inest condition. The pulverizer used with the lever wheel 
also enables the operator to set the tool exactly to any depth 
desired, making delicate work not only possible, but very 
aasy. It is invaluable in narrow rows and fine work in mar- 
ket gardens and close work on the farm. 



The great importance of fine, close work is more fully 
appreciated of recent years, and frequent cultivation of the 
surface with numerous fine teeth, which do not hili the 
crops, is just what is wanted in many sections. 

One trucker tells us he sets his tool to run shallow by 
means of the wheel and pulverizer, and then he has one of 
his boys use it continually. He says it keeps down the young 
weeds while cultivating close up to the plants without dan- 
ger to them, and the surface stirring of this character is so 
satisfactory that he intends to use the twelve-tooth harrow a 
great deal'more in the future. 

Description. This tool is now made with our improved 
handle braces, which so stiffen the frame and handles as to 
make it seem twice as strong as ever, while the handles not 
only change in height to suit everybody, but also sidewise. 
It is a great advantage to be able to move the handles to one 
side when cultivating blackberries, raspberries, vines, hops, 
etc., saving the hands, the clothes and the crop. The ex- 
pander is of the latest improved pattern, the same as No. 8 
Horse Hoe; it works with ease, yet holds the tool thoroughly 
rigid. 

THE STRAWBERRY GROWER finds this tool invalu- 
able, as it works so close and so thoroughly, deep or shallow 
as wanted, without throwing earth on the plants. He uses it 
to keep the ground loose and clean, and to work up and bed 
the runner*; the round-throated teeth lift and turn them aside 
without injury, and ready to root in the mellow soil. 

FARMERS AND GARDENERS use the harrow in deep 
or close cultivation, or when desiring to work the crop thor- 
oughly, but without hilling. 



53 




Rello&g's Great Crops of 





IN HARMONY. 

The men on the R. M. Kellogg Co.'s farm had an ice cream, and cake picnic on the residence lawn 
today noon. Messrs. Kellogg and Beatty discovered a day or two ago that there was a little fun on hand 
among their men as they noticed the boys taking u p a collection among themselves, so they chipped in 
liberally also, and at noon when the men came from the field they found their emp'oyers had arranged 
tables on which were placed big cakes made by Mesdames Kellogg, Beatty and Musse man, who also had 
provided hot coffee. The men were seated at the table and the ladies served them. 

While Mr. Silliman, our leading photographer, was arranging for their picture se-\ eral barrels of fun 
were opened and everybody just pitched in for a good time, forgetting that there was such a thing as 
work. Messrs. Kellogg and Beatty are proud of their men and the men reciprocate their feelings. There 
never was a better or more trusty set of workmen employed by any firm, many of them having been em- 
ployed on this great farm for years, and are experts on cultural methods. Mr. C. C. Musselman is the fore- 
man and is certainly efficient. To anyone visiting this farm and seeing how pleasantly and systematically 
everything goes, it appeals to them more like a family affair than one of purely business. From the Three 
Rivers Daily Hustler, Aug. 4, 1904. 



DEPTH REGULATION. This is done in the most perfect 
manner by the combination of the lever wheel and the pulverizer, 
both of which are easily and quickly adjusted. 

THE FOOT LEVER PULVERIZER is an admirable tool 
for preparing ground for the seed drill or for plant setting. 
THE HAND LEVERS regulate both width and depth in- 
stantly. The tool expands to thirty-two inches and contracts 
to twelve. Scad for our Special Catalogue. 



ROLLING RUNNER CUTTER AND 
LEAF GUARD 

Price $1.75. 





THE DIBBLE. Price 35 cents, three for one dollar. 
Every berry grower and gardener should have these 
dibbles; they are the best tool made for setting straw- 
berry and vegetable plants. We have used many dif- 
ferent tools for setting and find the dibble the most 
practical; we now use them exclusively on our farms. 
We can furnish them to our customers at 35 cents 
each; they are substantially made, and nicely finished 
and with proper care, will last a life time They can 
be sent in same package with plants by express or 
freight. 

Council Bluffs, Towa, Sept. 26, 1904. 
R. M. KELLOGG CO., Three Rivers, Mich.: 

Gentlemen: Last spring I purchased 10,000 pedigree 
strawberry plants from your breeding farm and set them in 
a piece of ground on which vegetables ha,d been grown the 
previous year. I followed the instructions given in "Great 
Crops of Strawberries and How to Grow Them," and the 
plants grew vigorously and are now pronounced by everyone 
to be the finest field of young strawberries ever grown in this 
section of the country. 

I will want 10,000 or more of your plants for next spring's 
setting. Very respectfully yours, 

J. A. ALBAUGH. 



54 




Strawberries, and Bow Be Grows Them 




56 



LfifC. 




R. 1. Kello&g's Great Crops of 





J. D. ULRICH AND HIS THREE ACRES OF STRAWBERRIES, THREE RIVERS, MICH. 

This engraving shows Mr. Ulrich cultivating his three acres of thoroughbred strawberry plants with 
a little hand plow. He is sixty years old and does all the work alone. Manure is hauled in the winter 
and all the plans laid, and when spring opens up he is ready for business. The plants are set in his 
young orchard, growing big crops of berries, while the trees are coming into bearing. All the cultivating 
and hoeing is done by hand, no horse used except to plow the ground. A weed never gets a chance to 
peep its head above the surface. Mr. Ulrich went in debt for this little farm and has never missed a pay- 
ment; this shows what one man can do. Where there is a will there is a way. You can either be a 
wage earner all your life or you can have a business of your own. 




IRRIGATING MACHINERY ALE READY WHEN 
NEEDED. 

This is our irrigating building, where the 25 
horse power engina and the centrifugal pump are 
located, making everything puff and jump. 700,000 
gallons per day can be brought to the plants during 
any hot dry weather. This keeps them in a perfect 
growing condition; they are not allowed to lay or 
become checked for a single day; a perfectly balanced 
plant can only be developed by making perfect con- 
ditions. 



ARE WE ADAPTED TO BERRY 
GROWING? 

We get many letters each year from men of almost 
every vocation asking if we think they could make a suc- 
cess at growing strawberries. In these letters they explain 
their situation and the nature of present occupation. In 
answering, we most invariably ask if they have any particu- 
lar love for berry growing, or is it merely tbe profits which 
other growers are making that prompts the charge. It is 
true that profits should be considered before entering into 
any business; but in our estimation this is not the primary 
object by any means. Love for the work is the first thing to 
be thought of and should have as much consideration as 
anything else. This world is beautiful and we should 
endeavor to make each home a paradise and this can 
be done by combining love with profitable labor, for 
wherever love exists there is happiness; where these 
conditions are, there is enthusiasm; mixing love, happiness 
and enthusiasm, in equal proportions, makes the high- 
est grade of financial stimulant, and when properly ap- 
plied to any business, will give a growth beyond our great- 
est expectations. 

NUMBER OF PLANTS REQUIRED TO 
SET ONE ACRE. 



Rows 24 in. 


apart 


and 20 in. 


in the row, 13,160 


" 30 " 


" 


.i 24 • < 


" " " 8,712 


" 30 " 


" 


" 30 " 


ii ii << 6970 


" 30 " 


" 


" 36 " 


" " " 5,808 


" 34 " 


" 


" 30 " 


" " " 6,150 


" 36 " 


" 


" 30 " 


" " " 5,808 


" 42 " 


" 


" 24 " 


" " " 6,223 


" 42 " 


" 


" 20 " 


" " " 7,468 


•i 48 « 


n 


" 20 " 


" " " 6,534 


•i 48 « 


a 


« 18 « 


" " " 7,260 



w 




fc? Strawberries, and Bow Be Grows Them 





THE BEAUTIFUL, HOME OF C. G. COX 

Just look at this picture and see what a handsome strawberry bed Mr. C. G. Cox grows for his 
family that they may be supplied with the choicest berries, fresh from the vines, every day. Mr. Cox is a 
bookkeeper at the First National Bank of our city, and he says he gets the much needed out-door recreation 
while caring for his thoroughbred plants. Not a weed to be seen. It isn't necessary for us to mention 
that this young man takes great pride in his home; the lovely surroundings tell the story. 




Jelly. Jam. Fresh. Canned. Preserved. 

TWENTY-SIX WAYS OF PREPARING THE STRAWBERRY FOR THE TABLE. 

The following receipts have been selected from a large number which hare been tasted, and we are sure they will be 
yaluable to all lovers of the strawberry. 

57 



R. M. Kello&g's Great Crops of 





SAMPLE AND DOBNAN. 

A glass of these won't hurt anyone, for " they 
doeth good like a medicine." This kind should be sold 
by the pound rather than by the quart. 

THE FAMOUS WEISBADEN STRAW- 
BERRY PRESERVES. 

Have tw® kinds of fruit, one the finest, 
largest, most perfect specimens; the other 
just good, ordinary fruit. To each quart of 
the latter allow half a pound of sugar. After 
hullinp- the berries sift the sugar through and 
over them and let them stand in a cold place 
^ver night. A low temperature is necessary 
to prevent any possible fermentation. 

In the morning drain off the juice, not quite 
dry, leaving enough so the berries can be 
made into marmalade or jam, thus preventing 
waste of the fruit. For every half pound of 
sugar you have used allow half a pound of 
rock candy. Put the candy into the juice and 
let boil fifteen minutes. 

In the meantime test your cans to make 
sure they are perfect; warm them and stand 
them on a folded towel in a big pan; then turn 
a couple of inches of warm water into the 
pans. Fill the cans with the superior fruit, 



•ejecting every bruised, imperfect and unripe 
berry. Pack the fruit as solidly as you can 
without jamming it, shaking it down well, and 
fill the cans with the boiling syrup. Seal im- 
mediately. Keep in a dark place. 

This is the exact process by which the im- 
ported fruit is put up, and if the directions are 
exactly followed is a safe method, the fruit 
keeping perfectly.. 

The Warfield is the best choice among va- 
rieties of the strawberry to put up this way 
on account of its rich but acid flavor, and also 
because of its deep red color, which gives a 
prettier color to the preserves. 

STRAWBERRIES CANNED. 

For every quart of fresh, firm berries allow 
one teacupful of granulated sugar. Add the 
sugar in layers and allow the fruit to stand 
covered for an hour. Bring slowly to the 
boiling point and let simmer two minutes. 

Do not stir the fruit, and when done dip 
carefully into cans and seal. 

FANCY SHORTCAKE. 

Pour one cupful boiling water over two 
cupfuls sugar, boil for five minutes, then cool. 
Separate the whites from yolks of four eggs 
and beat the yolks until thick; then add the 
syrup to them, beating constantly; now add 
two cupfuls flour sifted with one and one-half 
teaspoonfuls baking powder; add a pinch of 
salt and one teaspoonful lemon juice, then 
fold in the whites, beaten stiff and dry; spread 
in two round layer cake tins, bake in a quick 
oven; when done, remove to warm platter; 
spread with fine sugar and berries crushed. 
Place on top a thick meringue of beaten egg 
whites, seasoned with sugar; arrange berries 
about the cake. 

BOTTLING SUN-PRESERVED STRAW- 
BERRIES. 

Strawberries and raspberries hold the color 
and shap better when preserved in the sun. 
Weigh the fruit; to each pound allow three- 
quarters of a pound of sugar; put a layer of 
sugar, a layer of fruit, another layer of sugar 
on. a large granite or stoneware platter. Cover 
with glass and stand in the hot sun. As the 
sun cools toward evening bring them in; put 
them out again the next day. Lift each berry 
carefully with a fork and arrange them neatly 
in tumblers or bottles. Boil the syrup for five 
or six minutes, pour it over the fruit, cover 
with the glass and let them stand all night 
in a cold place. Next morning cover the jars 
with melted paraffine, over which stretch tis- 
sue paper and fasten it down with white of 
egg. When the covers are dry brush them 
over with water. 

STRAWBERRY JAM. 

Take equal parts of berries and granulated 
sugar, mash them together, put into a pre- 
serving kettle and cook for more than half an 
hour. Put in jars and when cold seal. 

STRAWBERRY TARTS. 

Line tart tins with nice puff paste, filling with 
plum pits, corn or some such thing so they 
will keep their shape while baking. When 
doTie, fill with nice, sweetened strawberries 
and heap up with whipped cream. 



58 




Strawberries, and How He Grows Them 




STRAWBERRY JELLY. 

Add one-third currant or rhubarb juice to 
the strawberry juice before cooking, and pro- 
ceed as for other jellies. 

STRAWBERRY SPONGE. 

One quart berries, one-half box gelatine, one 
and one-half cups water, one cup sugar, juice 
of one lemon, beaten whites of four eggs. Soak 
the gelatine in one-half cup of water; mash 
the berries and add half the sugar to them; 
boil the remainder of sugar and the cup of 
water gently twenty minutes; rub the berries 
through a hair sieve; aii gelatine to boiling 
syrup; take from the fire and add berry juice; 
place the bowl in pan of ice water and beat 
witn egg beater five minutes, add beaten 
whites and beat till it begins to thicken. Pour 
into well wet moulds and set on ice. Serve 
with cream. 

STRAWBERRY CREAM. 

Mash one quart berries with one cup pow- 
dered sugar and rub through fine sieve; dis- 
solve one and one-half ounces "gelatine in one 
pint sweet milk; strain and add one pint whip- 
ped cream and the berry juice. Pour in a wet 
mould and set on the ice to form. 

STRAWBERRY JELLY. 

One quart ot strawberries, one large cup of 
white sugar, juice of one lemon, one-third of 
a package of Cox's gelatine, soaked in one cup 
of cold water, one pint of boiling water; mash 
the strawberries to a pulp and strain through 
coarse muslin. Mix the sugar and lemon juice 
with the soaked gelatine, stir up well and pour 
over them the boiling water. Stir until clear; 
strain through a flannel bag, add the straw- 
berry juice; strain again without shaking or 
pressing the bag. Wet a mold with cylinder 
in center in cold water; fill it and set it in ice 
to form. Turn out upon a cold dish; fill with 
whipped cream made quite sweet with pow- 
dered sugar and serve at once. It is very fine. 

PLAIN SHORTCAKE. 

One' quart sifted flour, one-half cup butter 
and lard mixed, two teaspoons baking powder, 
sweet milk enough to make a soft dough. 
Divide in three equal parts, roll out, spread 
melted butter on each and place on top of each 
other and bake. 

ORANGED STRAWBERRIES. 

Place a layer of strawberries in a deep dish, 
cover thickly with pulverized sugar; then a 
layer of berries and so on until all are used. 
Pour over them orange juice in the proportion 
of three oranges to a quart of berries. Let 
stand for an hour, and just before serving 
sprinkle with pounded ice. 

STRAWBERRY MANGE. 

Crush two teacupfuls of very ripe berries 
with a cup of granulated sugar. Press through 
a fine strainer to remove the seeds. Beat the 
whites of four eggs so stiff that the dish may 
be inverted without spilling the contents. Add 
gradually half a cup of powdered sugar. Next 
beat in the juice by degrees, and continue until 
the mass becomes so stiff it stands in ragged 
peaks Serve with a soft custard made of the 
unused yolks, cup and a half of milk and four 



tablespoonfuls of sugar cooked in a double 
boiler until thick as cream. Pour the custard 
into a pretty dish and slip the mange upon it 
while the custard is hot. 

FROSTED STRAWBERRIES. 

Beat the white of an egg for a minute or so. 
Dip the berries one by one into the beaten 
white, roll in powdered sugar and let dry. 

STRAWBERRY MOUSSE. 

• To a pint of double cream add the juice of 
a lemon and a cup of strawberry preserve. 
Beat until thick to the bottom of the bowl. 
Have ready a three-pint mould lined with 
lemon, orange or pineapple sherbet. Put the 
Mousse mixture into the center and cover with 
more sherbet. Adjust the cover over paper and 
pack in equal parts of ice and salt. Let stand 
about two hours. Lining the mould with sher- 
bet may be omitted, but it is a great improve- 
ment to the dish. Thus lined, it is removed 
from the mould with ease. 

STRAWBERRY PIE. 

Make a good crust, not too rich, for the 
undercrust, and one more rich for the upper. 

Fill the pie well with berries, sprinkle gen- 
erously with flour, then the sugar. Put no 
water in the pie, but dip the finger tips into 
water and wet the undercrust all around the 
edge, running the fingers around until a sort 
of paste is formed, then put on upper crust 
and press down firmly. Do not bake too 
quickly. 

SUN PRESERVES. 

To three quarts of cleaned berries use two 
quarts of sugar. 

Make a thick syrup of the sugar and when 
it is boiling up like taffy turn the berries in 
and after they begin boiling, let them boil 
briskly for twenty minutes. Turn out into 
platters or shallow dishes, putting just a layer 
of berries and a plenty of juice on each dish. 
Set them in the hot sun until evening, then 
bring in, let stand until morning and fill into 
nice clean (and cold) jars or glasses and seal. 

Any surplus juice may be put out into the 
sun until it turns to jelly. 

STRAWBERRY AND RICE PUDDING. 

Boil half a cupful of rice in milk until done. 
When nearly cool stir gently in fine ripe 
strawberries. Sweeten to taste. Serve with a 
nice custard or whipped cream. 

STRAWBERRY TAPIOCA. 

Take one cup of pearl tapioca, cover with a 
pint of cold water and soak two hours. Put it 
over the fire, add one pint of water and sugar 
to taste. Cook about thirty minutes or until 
•clear. Pour this while hot over a quart of 
stemmed strawberries and put by to cool. 
Serve with powdered sugar and cream. 

STRAWBERRY SHRUB. 

Pour three quarts of best cider vinegar over 
nine pounds of fine, ripe strawberries, let it 
stand for twenty-four hours, then bring to a 
boil and strain, add a pint and a half of sugar 
for every pint of juice, boil together five min- 
utes, then strain again. Put up in self-sealing 
pint cans. A tablespoonful or two added to a 
glass of water makes a grateful and refreshing 
drink. 



59 




R. H. Kellogg's Great Crops of 




FRUIT PUNCH. 

Sugar syrup rather than sugar in a crude 
form is preferable for sweetening any kind 
of beverage and is especially desirable when 
the foundation of the beverage is a fruit juice 
or a combination of several varieties of fruit 
juice, as is usually the case. 

Boil three pints of water and three cups of 
sugar twenty minutes. When cold add a pint 
of strawberry juice, a cup of orange juice, the 
juice of three lemons and one quart or more 
of water. 

STRAWBERRY FRAPPE. 

One quart of fine, ripe fruit, put through a 
press, and one pound of sugar; let stand until 
the sugar is dissolved, then add a quart of 
water and freeze until thick, but not stiff. 

STRAWBERRY WINE. 

Using overripe berries, mash them thor- 
oughly and let stand forty-eight hours. Then 
press the juice off. To every two quarts of 
juice add one quart of water. Put in four 
pounds of granulated sugar to each gallon of 
the mixture and put in keg or jug and let it 
ferment three days, then put siphon tightly 



in the keg, letting one end of siphon extend 
into a jar of water; this allows the gas to es- 
cape from the wine, but no air to get into the 
keg, which would spoil the flavor. Let stand 
six months, then draw it off into a clean keg. 

STRAWBERRY SHERBET. 

Boil together one quart of water and one 
pint of sugar fifteen minutes. Add a teaspoon- 
ful of softened gelatine and when cold strain 
over one pint of strawberry juice and the 
juice of a lemon. Freeze in the usual manner. 

STRAWBERRY SAUCE. 

One-third cup of butter, one cup powdered 
sugar, one teaspoon lemon or orange extract 
Cream the "butter, add sugar gradually and 
flavoring. To this add one cup strawberry 
pulp and the lightly beaten white of one eee 
Chill thoroughly. 

STRAWBERRY SAUCE. 

Cream together butter and powdered sugar. 
Add flavor and when ready to serve mix in 
one or two crushed berries to tint the sauce 
Add also a generous quantity of hulled berries 
cut in slices. 




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fast th™eh^retsTrai?s r d^lv tl0 ^ the M f ichig * n ?™ lt Belt ° n two great railroad systems, with several 

twenty^r'ceiU^and nSU^ l~\l & ? that expre ^ s e °n»Panies give a special discount to"" nurserymen of 
thus Wear sen* LheWr your* thoroukbred^r.wh 7 ** *?" t exact , number of pounds the packajS weigh; 
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60 





THE MICHIGAN BASKET FACTORY OF 
WELLS HKiSlANCO. 



ST. JOSEPH, MICH. 

» SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED PRICE liSiS 



BASKETS AND BERRY BOXES. 

For many years past we have bought all our 
fruit packages of the WELLS-HIGMAN CO., 
OF ST. JOSEPH, MICH., and knowing them 
to be among the most extensive and reliable 
manufacturers in their line we take pleasure 
in recommending them to anyone who may 
be in need of any BERRY BOXES OR OTH- 
ER SHIPPING PACKAGES. They also 
manufacture the American basket for shipping 
berries, and many prefer them to the Hallock 
boxes. Their goods are strictly first-class, 
and fruit growers who are not acquainted with 
this firm should correspond with them. They 
will mail their illustrated catalog free on ap- 
plication. They are headquarters for grape, 
peach and melon baskets and have factories 
in the south as well as in Michigan. 



COPY OF ORDER 

Always keep a copy of your order. 
See that your order is on file at once, 
so you will be sure to get all the varie- 
ties wanted and have your plants come 
early. 

You will find a world of pleasure in 
studying plant life, and in this we wish 
you a hearty God speed. 

Send for our special catalog of gar- 
den tools and cultivators. 



Memorandum of Plants Ordered, Date. 



NUMBER OF 




PRICE 


PLANTS VARIETIES, 


8 Cents 

















































































































JAN 81 1905 



PRICE LIST OF STRAWBERRY PLANTS. 

Read carefully before making out your order. 

When 500 or more plants of one variety are ordered, we give thousand rates 
on that variety ; but we do not combine several varieties to make up the num- 
ber 500 plants in order to give thousand rates. There are no discounts on the 
prices given, and all purchasers are treated alike. We leave nothing undone 
in order to grow the best plants possible, and the prices stated are the lowest 
at which they can be furnished. When plants are to be sent by mail, add at 
the rate of 25 cents per hundred to the list prices given, and to Canada add at 
the rate of 50 cents per hundred. No orders accepted for less than one dollar. 
Not less than 25 of any variety sold, as less than that number is not sufficient 
for a fair test. Be very careful to get the prices right. 

EXTRA EARLY VARIETIES 

For For For For For For For For 

Varieties 25 50 ioo 200 300 400 500 1000 

Excelsior (B) $0 20 $0 25 80 50 $0 75 $1 00 $1 25 $1 50 $3 00 

Climax (B) 30 35 70 1 20 1 65 2 10 2 50 5 00 

August Luther (B) 25 30 60 95 125 1 50 1 75 3 50 

Johnson's Early (B) 25 30 60 95 1 25 1 50 1 75 3 50 

Michel's Early (B) 20 25 50 75 1 00 1 25 1 50 3 00 

Palmer (B) 40 50 100 175 2 25 2 75 3 00 6 00 

Texas (B) 30 35 70 1 20 1 65 2 10 2 50 5 00 

EARLY VARIETIES 

Bederwood (B) 20 25 50 75 1 00 1 25 1 50 3 00 

Clyde (B) 25 30 60 95 1 25 1 50 1 75 3 50 

Cumberland (B) 25 30 60 95 1 25 1 50 1 75 3 50 

Lovett (B) 25 30 60 95 1 25 1 50 175 3 50 

Tennessee Prolific (B) 20 25 50 75 1 00 1 25 1 50 3 00 

Wolverton (B) 20 25 50 75 100 125 150 3 00 

Crescent (P) 20 25 50 75 1 00 125 150 3 00 

Warfield (P) 20 25 50 75 1 00 1 25 1 50 3 00 

MEDIUM VARIETIES 

Lady Thompson (B) 25 30 60 95 1 25 1 50 1 75 3 50 

Ridgeway (B) 25 30 60 95 125 1 50 1 75 3 50 

Glenn Mary (B) 25 30 60 95 1 25 1 50 1 75 3 50 

Wm. Belt (B) 25 30 60 95 125 150 175 3 50 

Splendid (B) 25 30 60 95 1 25 1 50 1 75 3 50 

Parson's Beauty (B) 25 30 60 1 00 1 35 1 70 2 00 4 00 

Klondike (B) 25 30 60 1 00 135 170 2 00 4 00 



PRICE LIST OF STRAWBERRY PLANTS — Cont. 

MEDIUM VARIETIES 

For For For For For For For For 

Varieties as 50 100 200 300 400 500 1000 

Monitor (B) $0 25 $0 30 $0 CO $1 00 $1 35 $1 70 $2 00 $4 00 

Miller (B) 30 35 70 120 165 2 10 2 50 5 00 

Nick Ohmer (B) 25 30 60 1 00 135 170 2 00 4 00 

New York (B) 25 30 60 1 00 1 35 1 70 2 00 4 00 

Up-tO-Date (B) 25 30 00 1 00 1 35 1 70 2 00 4 00 

Senator Dunlap (B) 25 30 00 1 00 135 170 2 00 4 00 

Haverland (P) 25 30 60 95 1 25 1 50 1 75 3 50 

Enormous (P) 25 30 60 95 1 25 1 50 1 75 3 50 

Kansas (P) 25 30 60 95 125 150 175 3 50 

Hero (B) 30 35 70 1 20 1 65 2 10 2 50 5 00 

Downing's Bride (P) 40 50 1 00 175 2 25 2 75 3 00 6 00 

Pride of Michigan (B) 50 85 125 2 10 2 85 3 50 4 00 8 00 

Sutherland (P) 30 35 70 1 20 1 65 2 10 2 50 5 00 

President (P) 50 85 125 2 10 2 85 3 50 4 00 8 00 

Challenge (B) 30 35 70 1 20 1 65 2 10 2 50 5 00 

Arizona, Ever-bearing (B).. 50 85 1 25 2 10 2 85 3 50 4 00 8 00 

LATE VARIETIES 

Aroma (B) 25 30 60 95 125 150 175 3 50 

Brandywine (B) 25 30 60 95 1 25 1 50 175 3 50 

Bismarck (B) 25 30 60 95 125 150 175 3 50 

Gandy (B) 25 30 60 95 1 25 1 50 1 75 3 50 

Dornan (B) 30 35 70 1 20 1 65 2 10 2 50 5 00 

Marshall (B) 25 30 60 1 00 1 35 1 70 2 00 4 00 

Maximus (B) 25 30 60 1 00 1 35 1 70 2 00 4 00 

Parker Earle (B) 25 30 60 1 00 1 35 170 2 00 4 00 

Rough Rider (B) 25 30 60 1 00 1 35 1 70 2 00 4 00 

Bubach (P) 25 30 60 1 00 1 35 1 70 2 00 4 00 

Seaford (P) 25 30 60 1 00 135 170 2 00 4 00 

Sample (P) 25 30 60 1 00 1 35 170 2 00 4 00 

Oregon Ironclad (B) 40 50 1 00 1 75 2 25 2 75 3 00 6 00 

Midnight (B) 30 35 70 1 20 1 65 2 10 2 50 5 00 

Mark Hanna (P) 40 50 1 00 1 75 2 25 2 75 3 00 6 00 

Roller Runner Cutter $i«75 Dibble 35 cents, 3 for $1.00 

These tools can be shipped with plants. 



Page ..No 

R. M. KELLOGG CO., THREE RIVERS, MICHIGAN. SEND ORDER ON THIS SHEET. 



Write number of plants on left of varieties. 
Write all Questions on a Separate Sheet. 



Nam': 



(VERY PLAIN) 

Post Office Rural Route No 

County State 

Name of Toion for 

Freight or Express , Ship by 

(Say whether to be sent by freight, express or mail) 



LEAVE 
VACANT 



NO. OF 

Plants 



VARIETY 



EXTRA EARLY 

Excelsior (B) 

Climax (B) 

August Luther (B) 
Johnson's Early (B) 
Michel's Early (B) 

Palmer (B) 

Texas (B) 

EARLY 

Bederwood (B) 

Clyde (B) 

Cumberland (B) _ . 

Lovett (B) 

Tennessee Pro. (B) 

Wolverton (B) 

Crescent (P) 

Warfield(P) 

MEDIUM 

Lady Thompson (B) 

Ridgeway (B) 

Glenn Mary (B) . . . 
Wm. Belt (B)_... 

Splendid(B) 

Parson's Beauty (B) 

Klondike (B) 

Monitor (B) 

Miller (B) 

Nick Ohmer (B)_. 
New York (B).... 
Up-to-Date (B).._ 
Senator Dunlap (B) 
Haverland (P) 

Total first column 



Price 



LEAVE 
VACANT 



No. OF 
Plants. 



VARIETY 



Enormous (P) 

Kansas (P) 

Hero (B) 

Downing's Bride (P)- 
Pride of Michigan (B). 
Sutherland (P)...- ... 

President (P) 

Challenge (B) 



Price 



Cts- 



Arizona (B). 

LATE 

Aroma (B) 

Brandy wine (B) 

Bismark (B) 

Gandy (B) 

Dornan (B) . 

Marshall (B) 

Maximus (B) 

Parker Earle (B) 

Rough Rider (B) 

Bubach (P) 

Seaford (P) 

Sample (P) 

Oregon Iron Clad (B) 

Midnight (B) 

MarkHanna (P) 

Dibble 

Runner Cutter, • 



Amount in first col. 



Total amount sent.. 



NOTICE TO PATRONS The P lants herein offered are propagated from Pure Pedi- 

gree Plants and ideal plains, as explained in the chapters 
on " Improvement of Plants." We are confident they are the only plants obtainable propagated in this 
manner, and that their fruiting vigor cannot be equaled. While we practice the highest cultivation 
we know how to give, we have demonstrated that the vigor of our plants has been the basis of our 
success. By all means start a propagating bed this season 



The 

for les: 



ORDERS MUST AMOUNT TO 
ONE DOLLAR 

correspondence, postage, booking and filling 
than that amount is done at a loss. 



TAKING UP STRAWBERRY PLANTS 

The whole row of plants is taken up, and all those poorly 
rooted art' thrown out. The fork used for the purpose is so 
constructed that plants are not bruised or roots broken off. 
All (iead leaves and steins are picked off and roots straight- 
ened by such a system that from the time they leave the 
ground until they are ready for shipment they are not exposed 
a half minute all together". 

SUBSTITUTION 

We desire to furnish each customer exactly what he orders, 
nut sometimes find the variety all sold before his order is 
reached, all orders being filled "in the rotation in which they 
are received and booked. If no substitution is permitted, we 
are obliged to disappoint the customer by returning the 
money late in the season. There are several varieties in 
the same season and of equal value, and if we are out of the 
variety ordered and substitution is permitted, we will add 10 
ner cent, to the plants substituted. Unless you expressly 
• rate "no substitution," we will understand you desire 
your order filled as above stated. There is very little danger 
of net getting the varieties desired, if orders are sentin early. 

PRICE OF PLANTS 

The prices quoted are net. and the lowest at which they 
can be grown and placed on the market. This list abrogates 
all former price lists. No charge will be made for packing, 
crates or boxes, and delivery to forwarders. No plants sold 
for fall planting. Not less than 25 strawberry plants of any 
variety will be sold; it requires that number for a fair trial." 

NO AGENTS 

We employ no agents. Scores of complaints come to us 
every year saying, "The plants I bought of your agents are 
worthless/' Tree peddlers secure copies of this book and 
represent themselves as our agents, and then deliver common 
stock, to the loss and disgust of purchasers. Put all such 
parties down as frauds. You can only get the genuine thor- 
i ughbred plants by sending direct to us. Strawberry plants 
will not endure the exposure of handling with trees and 
other plants in delivering orders and carrying around the 
country after the packages are opened. 

MAKE UP A CLUB 

Y.hi can join with your neighbors in gettingup a cluband 
get the benefit of thousand rates on all varieties of which 
five hundred or more of each kind are ordered. The club 
cider must be shipped to one address. Each bundle of 
twenty-five plants being labeled, the division is easily made. 
Catalogues will be sent to any of your neighbors on request, 
to aid in making up the club. 

TERMS 

Strictly cash with order. No orders are booked unless one- 
third the amount is remitted and balance before shipment. . 

ORDER EARLY 

Ali orders are filled in the rotation in which they are 
received, hence the earlier they are sent in, the better. 

HOW TO REMIT 

Send money by postoflice order, bank draft, express order, 
or registered "letter. We cannot be responsible for money 
sent loose in a letter. When private checks are sent, add 
fifteen cents to cover the cost of collection. 



REFERENCES 

All banks, wholesale houses and manufacturers use the 
Commercial Reports of R. G. Dun and Bradstreet, and you 
can see them by request. These reports place our capital at 
833,000.00 and credit rating the highest given by any one on 
that amount of capital. 

Special references : First National Bank or any merchant 
in this city. 



PLANTS BY MAIL 

When plants are to be sent by mail, add at the rate of 
twenty-five cents per hundred to the list prices given ; and 
to Canada at the rate of fifty cents per hundred. 

The plants are packed in moss and go perfectly safe, 
arriving in perfect condition. We send plants by mail only 
at prices given for twenty-five, fifty and one hundred, and 
not at thousand rates. 



EXPRESS RATES 

Express charges are twenty per cent less than general 
merchandise to any part of the country. All small orders are 
generally cheaper by express than freight, as only pound 
rates are charged, while railroads charge for one hundred 
pounds without regard to weight when sent by freight. 



FREIGHT 

Our railroad connections are first-class. Plants leaving 
here at six o'clock in the evening arrive in Chicago, Toledo 
and Detroit the same night, and from these points they go in 
fast through freights to all principal cities and intermediate 
points. It is seldom they fail to arrive on time, but some- 
times delays occur, and when notified they are behind time, 
we hurry them forward by telegraphic tracers. We advise 
purchasers to consult local freight agents as to time and give 
the route over which you wish them sent by freight. If no 
shipping directions are given, we exercise our best judgment 
without assuming any responsibility. 



GUARANTEE OF GENUINENESS 

The plants being propagated in special beds and labeled 
when taken up, would seem to preclude the possibility of 
mistake, and we guarantee plants to be true to label, with 
express understanding that if a mistake happens we are not 
to be held for any damages beyond the amount received for 
the plants. 

GUARANTEEING RESULTS 

We send plants to the most distant states, with entire 
success, to anybody and everybody who orders them. We 
are exceedingly anxious that they shall meet their highest 
expectations, and to this end will do all in our power to 
contribute to success. But after they are delivered toexpress 
companies orrailroads, they belong to the purchasers and we 
have no control over them. We do not know what treat- 
ment they are to receive, hence you can readily see why we 
cannot, and do not, guarantee any results whatever. Our 
responsibility ceases when delivered to express or railroad. 

CLAIMS 

All claims must be made within five days of the receipt of 
plants, when they will be investigated "and if not found 
correct will be promptly adjusted. 

ORDERS ARE ACKNOWLEDGED 

As soon as received. If you do not hear from us after & 
reasonable time, write again. 



NOTICE This Booklet will be revised every year, and sent out free to all who are interested in 

it. Do not loan it but keep it for reference. If you want one sent to a friend, send 

his address on a postal card, and we will mail it with your compliments, so he will know who sent it. 
Our object is to place fruit growers in possession of such facts concerning plant life and the laws which 
govern the development of fruit as will enable them to succeed. Our success depends on your success. 
The number of copies one person can order is limited to four. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



020 950 245 8 



THEY GROW 




BIG RED BERRIES 



